African American Civil Rights Act - 2723 Words

HIST3151 Research Essay Essay Question 16: Why have such intense conflicts arisen since the 1970s over the question of affirmative action in the United States? The wicked vice of racial discrimination towards African Americans has, over the course of almost six centuries, indelibly tainted social, economic and cultural relations between those of all racial profiles in the â€Å"Land of the Free†. Historically speaking, the African American experience is imbued in pain and suffering for centuries of malfeasance on the part of white American-dominated governments. Institutional racism combined with social and cultural discrimination towards African Americans has been tremendously destructive to the advancement and psychological morale of American blacks. The barbarism of slavery, racial segregation, culturally ingrained racism and violent lynchings have all at certain periods flourished in the modern day United States. The public pressure of the African American Civil Rights Movement of the mid 1960s culminated in the 1964 Civil Rights Act and brought about significant changes to American life, especially in the Southern states. The in tended purpose of this Act was to once and for all provide all race groups with equal access to opportunities in employment and education. However President Lyndon B. Johnson would, at the start of his presidency upon the passing of the Act in 1965, build on the dream of African American rights crusaders such as Martin Luther King initiating theShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans : Same Fight For The Civil Rights Act Of 19681921 Words   |  8 PagesKevyn Martinez Storytelling and Culture Doctor Jeri Burns Final Paper May 13, 2016 African Americans: Same Fight in a Different Time All through history, African Americans has been underrepresented in instruction, in the workforce, movies, and medical coverage. African Americans have been buckling down from the day they arrived this area, however, they have yet to achieve full representation in a large number of this country s leading organizations and society. For over hundreds of years, theyRead MoreCivil Right Act : An Era Of Tremendous Struggle For African American All Around America Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pageswas an era of tremendous struggle for African-American all around America, but especially for those who lived in the south. Laws such as the Jim Crow act, voter suppression, intimidation, oppression, and the fight for equality, all were issues that African-Americans had to deal with in the 1960’s. The 1964 civil right act was a major executive action taken by then president Kennedy do to protests that had gone on for years in southern states by African-Americans, and Caucasians who unified i n orderRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans were considered to be unworthy to be associated with whites, they struggled to fight laws of segregation for years and years to finally be thought of as equals. They fought to earn their civil rights which is where the movement got its name from. There are many names that stand out when you think of the Civil Rights Movement, for example, Martin Luther King Jr. who lead a march to Washington and gave the famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, and there is also Rosa Parks who refused toRead MoreCivil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesMilitant and Violent Acts of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Nationalism The rights of African-Americans have been violated since they were brought over to America as slaves in the late 1600s to the land of the free. Great political gains for African-Americans were made in the 1960s such as the right to vote without paying. Still, many African Americans were dissatisfied with their economic situation, so they reacted with violence in the form of riots. Other African-Americans became frustratedRead MoreHistory of Civil Rights in America Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pageswe as a nation have been openly discriminating against African-Americans for many years. For nearly as many years as Americans have been discriminating against African-Americans, people have been fighting for some form of equal rights for everyone, especially the African-Americans. History has shown that African-Americans have had some of the most valuable personal contributions that invariably led to the balancing of the tides of the American population. People are always the driving force behindRead MoreThe Era Of Freedom : A Generation After The Emancipation Proclamation1599 Words   |  7 PagesThe Era of Freedom A Generation after the Emancipation Proclamation, banned slavery, African Americans were trapped in a country full of harsh discrimination, and humiliation. The twentieth century brought an era that changed the lives of every African Americans across the U.S. The Civil Rights Movement, a movement to sees the cruelty that every African American faced on a daily bases, was one of the greatest events that took a step into a direction that no one would ve imagined during theRead MoreEssay on The Civil Rights Movement1014 Words   |  5 Pagesoutline the main events of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Specifically, the focus will be on the main activists involved in the movement such as Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks and the major campaigns of civil resistance. The Civil Rights Movement refers to the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights in Southern states.African-Americans were able to gain the rights to issues such as equal accessRead MoreAfrican American Women During The Civil Rights Era942 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Era, which took place during the years of 1955 till 1968, was indeed the movement that gave African Americans the push to achieve their first major accomplishments of the decade. The Civil Rights Movements goals were to break down the walls of legal segregation in public places, achieve equality and justice for African Americans, and to help make African Americans become more self-conscious when standing for all their interest. This movement not only benefited men, but it also benefitedRead MoreThe Courage Of Rosa Parks1566 Words   |  7 Pages(Rosa Parks) Rosa Parks was tired of the way African Americans were poorly treated . She took a stand by not obeying a demand to give up her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus. Because of her bold action she became a model to millions. Parks was an African American woman who became known for her bravery, which helped to change the nation. ‘’Parks spent most of her life fighting for desegregation, voting rights, and was active in the civil Right Movement that has changed social code in theRead MoreBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change600 Words   |  3 PagesBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change that it had always deserved. In the South, Jim Crow legislation had mandated separate but equal treatment for African Americans since 1876. African Americans were not given equality, however, and leaders emerged from the community to push for African American civil rights. In the effort to desegregate public buildings and transportat ion, people began to hold sit-ins. These involved peacefully occupying

Disease Process Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health Essay Free Essays

string(95) " puffersA andA bluish bloatersA based on their physiological response to abnormal blood gases\." This assignment will discourse the pathophysiology of a disease procedure of chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) . It will besides demo how biological, psychological and the societal facets of the disease that can hold an affect on an person ‘s twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life. COPD stands for chronic clogging pneumonic disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Disease Process Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a term used for a figure of conditions ; including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD leads to damaged air passages in the lungs, doing them to go narrower and doing it harder for air to acquire in and out of the lungs. The word ‘chronic ‘ agencies that the job is long-run. COPD is a status which chiefly affects people over the age of 40, and COPD has a higher prevalence happening among adult females than work forces ( NHS-Choices, 2008 ) . COPD is besides a status that is long term and incurable that can hold a serious affects on wellness and quality of life, its non to the full understood why COPD develops. ( Marieb, 2003 ) . The pupil will besides integrate local and national wellness and societal policies, including models that are in topographic point in relation to the patients unwellness. The pupil identified a patient named Mrs J. She was admitted to hospital due to aggravation of COPD. Her primary diagnosing is Osteoarthritis of the Hip but besides had symptoms of emphysema. Mrs J is a 55 twelvemonth old adult females and is married, Mrs J be sides has an older kid whom she has become rather dependent on and felt like she had impacted on her kid ‘s life and had become a hinderances. Mrs J has become more dyspneic as her status develops over clip and more so while she was lying in bed unable to transport out her day-to-day activities such as making the housekeeping, leisure activities, besides looking after her visual aspect as she usually would hold done at place. COPD is going one of the fastest prima causes of disablement ( NHS picks, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to British Lung Foundation, ( 2010 ) a recent study, 83 % of COPD patients said their COPD slows them down, 79 % said they had to cut down their activities and 56 % said their status has a great affect on their households. COPD is the most common respiratory conditions in grownups in the developed universe and poses an tremendous load to society both in footings of direct cost to the health care services and indirect costs to society through loss of productivene ss. Recent analysis estimated that National Health Service ( NHS ) spends ?818 million yearly in the United Kingdom ( UK ) . ( British Thoracic Society, 2006 ) . However 50 % of the cost is accounted for by ill managed aggravations ensuing in frequent re-admissions to infirmary ( Coakley A ; Ruston, 2001 ) . Mrs J status would of been triggered by her heavy smoke, the toxins from her coffin nails has made her bronchioles ( airway and lungs ) become inflamed and contracting the air passage, this will take to irreversible harm to the respiratory system by blockading the bronchial air flow and impeding gaseous exchange within the air sac ( Munden, J, 2007 ) . Mrs J suffers from many symptoms due to her smoking these include shortness of breath, a relentless cough, xanthous green phlegm, marks of cyanosis to her lips, besides Mrs J has continued to smoke as she thinks the harm has already been done so her status. The huge bulk of COPD patients are tobacco users. By halting smoking patients can decelerate the rate of diminution in lung map and therefore better the patient ‘s chances in footings of symptoms and endurance. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence counsel on COPD provinces that â€Å" All patients still smoking, irrespective of age, should be encouraged to halt, and offered aid to make so, at every chance. † These present a little dosage of medical specialty to the lungs, doing the air passage musculuss to open up. Bronchodilators are besides effectual in forestalling over-expansion of the lungs. Short-acting beta2-agonists are the most normally used short moving bronchodilaors for COPD. Their effects last for approximately 4 hours. Short-acting antichloinergics are besides used as bronchodilators. Long-acting beta2-agonists are similar to the short-acting agonists described above but their consequence lasts for 12 hours. Lomg-acting anti-cholinergics need merely be taken one time a twenty-four hours. The NICE counsel recommends that short-acting bronchodilators should be used for the initial intervention for shortness of breath and exercising restriction and goes on to state that, if this is n’t holding an consequence so the intervention should be intensified utilizing eith Er a long-acting bronchodilator or a combined therapy with a short moving beta2-agonist and a short-acting anticholinergic The respiratory system is the major portion for gases exchange to take topographic point, it allows takes the air that enters are organic structures when we inhale and travels through the respiratory system, interchanging O for C dioxide and expels C dioxide when we exhale ( munden, J, 2007 ) . In the NHS there is a tool to cipher the smoke burden and the battalions in a twelvemonth this tool is called smoking battalion tool, this was used to see the harm that Mrs J had caused by smoking for so many old ages. This is because the earnestness of the disease depends on how much and how long the person has smoked for. Mrs J has been smoking now for 45 old ages and on a mean twenty-four hours holding up to 40 coffin nails a twenty-four hours and is non prepared to discontinue as she feels the harm is already done. Mrs J fumes for comfort and feels that its all for her pleasance, she has become really stray, her chronic bronchitis makes her breathless when making actives and is non able to make her day-to-day activities hence is going depressed. Make this holding a immense impact on her mental and societal parts of her life. Patients with COPD have traditionally been divided intoA pink puffersA andA bluish bloatersA based on their physiological response to abnormal blood gases. You read "Disease Process Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health Essay" in category "Essay examples"A The former work hard to keep a normal pO2A which is why they puff off. They tend to hold a barrel-shaped, hyperinflated thorax and breath through pursed lips. The latter are bluish because of hypoxia and polycythaemia. They are frequently corpulent and have H2O keeping. This is why they are bloated. TheA bluish bloatersA are dependent upon hypoxia for their respiratory thrust and to give O and strip them of this will take to signficantA hypercapniaA and acerb base instability. Although this construct is widely taught and acknowledged academically, in clinical pattern patients tend non to be clearly in one or the other of these two classs ( NICE Clinical Guideline ( 2004 ) Patients like Mrs J with airflow restriction clinically they have become known as ‘pink blowfishs ‘ and ‘blue bloaters ‘ ( Kleinschmidt, 2008 ) . Mrs J falls under the term ‘blue bloaters ‘ as she linked to chronic bronchitis due to cyanosis which is a bluish touch to the lips, which occurs from hapless gas exchange. ‘pink blowfishs ‘ has been linked to emphysema as the patients may be demoing marks of weight loss, utilizing their accoutrement musculuss with pursed lips giving them a ruddy skin color, they may besides follow the tripod sitting place ( Kleinschmidt, 2008 ) . Although these conditions separate the patient may show with little fluctuations of them both, nevertheless they do distinguish through their implicit in procedure, marks and symptoms ( Bellamy A ; Booker, 2004 ) . Air passages and air pouch within the lungs are manfully elastic, with the air we breath the lungs change form with inspiration they expand and return to the normal form after they have been stretched with air. Mucociliary clearance is an of import primary innate defence mechanism that protects the lungs from hurtful effects of inhaled pollutants, allergens, and pathogens. Mucociliary disfunction is a common characteristic of chronic air passage diseases in worlds. The mucociliary setup consists of three functional compartments, that is, the cilia, a protective mucous secretion bed, and an airway surface liquid ( ASL ) bed, which work in concert to take inhaled atoms from the lung. The nose and rhinal pit are composed of ciliated columnar epithelial tissue cells which contain goblet cells and cilia, the goblet cells are responsible for releasing mucous secretion which is able to pin down the finer atoms from inspired air and the cilia which are all right hairs that can pin down larger atoms. The cilia carry ‘s the atoms by a sweeping gesture this is swept to the oral cavity or intrude where it can so be swallowed, coughed or sneezed out of the organic structure in order to forestall these atoms from come ining the lungs ( Munden, J, 2007 ) . The two major beginnings of mucous secretion secernment in the respiratory piece of land are the surface epithelial goblet cells and mucose cells. In lungs, goblet cells are present in the big bronchial tube, going progressively thin toward the bronchioles. The submucosal secretory organs are restricted to the big air passages with their denseness diminishing with airway quality. In chronic respiratory diseases, such as COPD and asthma, submucosal secretory organs addition in size ( hypertrophy ) , and the figure of goblet cells is increased ( hyperplasia ) , going more dense in the peripheral air passages, via a phenotypic transition of nongoblet epithelial cells ( metaplasia ) ( Rogers, 1994 ; Jackson, 2001 ) . The increased of goblet cells denseness to ciliated cells in the bronchioles, under the conditions of hypersecretion, this impairs clearance of mucous secretion. Lung histology from patients affected by COPD and asthma besides shows the presence of hydrops, which can further cut down airway quality and via media lung map. A pronounced airway infiltration of macrophages and granulocytes is besides present, chiefly neutrophils in COPD and eosinophils in asthma ( Postma and Kerstjens, 1998 ) . In clinical surveies, these inflammatory parametric quantities have been shown to correlate with a decrease in lung map ( FEV1 ) and an overdone bronchoconstriction [ airway hyperreactivity ( AHR ) ] to nonspecific stimulations ( Postma and Kerstjens, 1998 ) . Smoking has many effects on the air passages. Inhaled fume destroys the cilia that are of import for traveling mucous secretion to the pharynx for get downing. As a consequence, mucous secretion accumulates in the bronchioles and irritates the sensitive tissues at that place, doing a cough. Coughing is critical as it is the lone manner tobacco users can take mucous secretion from their lungs and maintain the air passages clean ( Rubin, 2002 ) . This is characterised by the ‘smoker ‘s cough ‘ . Changeless coughing to unclutter the phlegm has an consequence on the smooth musculus of the bronchioles which becomes hypertrophied ( enlarged or overgrown ) . This in bend causes more mucus secretory organs to develop. The goblet cells are replaced within the little air passages ( bronchial tube ) with Clara cells they are another signifier of releasing cell these are of import they form ciliated cells and to assist renew the bronchiolar epithelial tissue, they produce hypophase constituent and a peptidase inhibitor these aid protect the lungs by wipe uping up dust ( Stokley et al, 2006 ) .To accomplish gas exchange the lung has two constituents ; air passages and the air sac. The air passages are two ramifying cannular transitions that allow air to travel in and out of the lungs, the wider sections of the air passages are called the windpipe and the two bronchial tube traveling to the right and left lung. The smaller sections are called the bronchioles and at the terminal of the bronchioles are the air sac which are thin walled pouch like a clump of grapes ; little blood vass ( capillaries ) run in the walls of the air sac this is where gas exchange between air and blood takes topographic point. ( Matterporth A ; Matfin, 2009 ) . Rogers, 1994 ; Jackson, 2001 Chronic clogging pneumonic disease, NICE Clinical Guideline ( 2004 ) ; A Management of chronic clogging pneumonic disease in grownups in primary and secondary attention COPD. BMJ Clinical Evidence.A www.clinicalevidence.com, accessed 10 June 2009 Textbook of Medical Physiology ( 10th edition ) Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. ( 2000 ) W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia ; London. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ; September 2005. Britton M ; The load of COPD in the U.K. : consequences from the Confronting COPD study. ; A Respir Med.2003 Mar ; 97 Suppl C: S71-9. [ abstract ] Chronic clogging pneumonic disease, NICE Clinical Guideline ( 2004 ) ; A Management of chronic clogging pneumonic disease in grownups in primary and secondary attention Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson TJ, et Al ; Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic clogging pneumonic disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18 ; ( 4 ) : CD003793. [ abstract ] Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo CA, et Al ; Inhaled tiotropium for stable chronic clogging pneumonic disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18 ; ( 2 ) : CD002876 How to cite Disease Process Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Health Essay, Essay examples

Strategic Recommendation

Question: You have been tasked to recommend specific strategic actions to the senior management team in this impasse. Considering the evidence, what actions should the company take? Answer: Introduction The overall paper is showcasing the organizational functionalities and activities of GMFC. The organization has been facing trouble due to their employee issue. Employees are the prime strength of any organization. GMFC also have been running their services in the filed by the support of their efficient manpower. After studying the case study it could be said that current respective organization faces trouble due to the demand and requirements of staffs (Bascetta, 2008). Staffs have claimed that salary or wage must have to be increased by ten cents. Management didnt focus on this demand initially, but now this has been a serious problem for the business process. Organizational activities have been interrupted due to this issue. After a long discussion among the managerial bodies, they have decided to enhance 5 cent on the basis of working hour, but this thing couldnt able to reduce the problems. For this reason management must have to find out some fruitful strategies for demolishing these types of inconveniences. Four strategies have been provided in this paper which needs to be maintained by the management of the respective organization. Every organisation is depending on their fruitful productivity in the business process. To maintain the effective productivity and the profitability in the organisation the organisation like GMFC needs to provide effective policy and offer sufficient care for their workers. To satisfy the employees in the business process, the Union leaders are demanding for more wages and they want employee copayments for the health and medical care. Apart from the other recommendation in their strategic implementation plan Competitive pay and benefits is one of the important factors to reduce the hazards within the manufacturing business. Main analysis of the paper By the help of this paper different types of union related problems could be understood. Four strategic implications have been observed for understanding the overall matter. Each and every matter has the strength and potential to reduce the problems in the organizational premises. It can be expected that if management of the GMFC could follow these principles then overall employee related problems in the organization could be mitigated. US government has implemented different polices for managing overall organizational relationship. Some of the problems have been discussed in this section, Fair and consistent policies and practices: Workplace structure has provided by the HR policies and procedures. Lacking certain policies, such as disciplinary action, duty hours, performance review, rules concerning working safety, payment for medical care, labour cost increase, the work environment could be chaotic. Many organization and companies dont have the equal stage of formation, as well as vast employers commonly are identified to have far more government than small companies. Departmental policies of HR, regarding budget usually are matters addressed by HR leadership. Company owners should make sure that they deal with the following basis human resource issues when putting together the personnel policies (Bascetta, C. ,2008).: Employee classifications Equal Employment Opportunity policies Paydays, workdays and pay advances Overtime compensation Performance evaluation as well as salary increase up to 10 cent Payment for medical care Termination policies Same level of employment opportunity has been supported by the HR policies and practices in giving reasonable action to applicant as well as workers throughout the hiring method and employment experience. For example a company that doesnt circulate the policies such as the strategy, employees rights for its staffing and selection procedure would be imprecise at best. Hiring manager as well as recruiters who are unconscious of non-discrimination regulations as well as reasonable employment practices wouldnt have cause to consider that partial practices are unreasonable without HR policies that administer fair treatment. Routine analyses have been conducted by the many companies of their business operation. HR procedures as well as policies may assist in the examination of HR practices and on the whole company practices. Of all the HR procedures as well as policies reviewed, those that have the mainly encouraging effects on the company. Finest practices are simulated for use during oth er sectors or in other organization. HR policies and methods are the useful fundamentals of a companys tactical plan, significance the policies are the necessary ladder to reach tactical goal. But, the policies of HR provide the essential function of redefining HR intentional improvement and the track of the organization. Through a check of the companys HR policies and practices, headship team which improve planned record for the organization discover that mechanism as well as what doesnt effort relating to HR policies and the work surroundings. According to Turban, E. Sipior, J. (2015), achieving reliable operations is one of the causes that policies of HR as well as practices are highly suggested. HR has a responsibility to deal with employment issues consistently, as well as policies and practices facilitate that consistency. For an example, addressing profit questions from the workers in the sales division added practically than those from workers in the storehouse department m ay build major trouble for the organisation. Inconsistencies guide to employee dissatisfaction as well as, finally, workplace conflict. The government has said that HR policies and practices can stop bureau clash through implementing a path for service matters to be tackle in fair and consistent approach. Open Door Management principle: It has been found that employees of GMFC have raised an issue of raising the salary. Union leaders are trying announces a strike. These types of activities can hamper the overall flow of the process. According to the US trade report and government principle, Open door policy would be beneficial for managing this type of activities. This policy was established in the middle of 19th century and it was mainly designed for making business with Chinese organizations (Kirton and Healy, 2013). According to the business analytics open door policy could be implemented in the case of corporate premises. By implementing policy an organization could be able to execute a suitable and efficient activity in the business premises. By the help of this policy organizational stakeholders can communicate with each other in an appropriate and effective manner. According to this policy employees have the right to discuss any matter with the management or governing body. Thi s policy implementation can enhance the overall performance of the business process; strength of the staffs could also be increased. A mutual respect will always be there if management will focus on the open door policy. The paper is mainly focusing the organizational condition of GMFC. The organization has been facing trouble due to the problems of trade unions and employee issue. Employees have raised their voice regarding the salary increment and management has denied fulfilling their demands. For this reason strikes and different kinds of unlawful activities have been going on in the organizational premises. In this particular case management could implement open door policy for reducing this type of problem. After the implementation of this policy, employees will be compelled to discuss their problems with management. Through discussion and understanding, problems of staffs can be mitigated. This policy will also be beneficial for the employees of the respective organization. Management will also have to focus on the needs and requirements of the staffs. This policy can create a moral value and ethics at organizational premises. Through this process overall benefits and advantages of Open door p olicy in this case could be observed. Competitive Pay and Benefits: A workplace environment makes healthier for the superior relationship among the higher management and workers. To make the organisation effective in the competitive market place the senior management team needs to provide proper negotiation plan with their workers and union leaders. According to the US government websites it can be analyse that, by providing competitive pay and several benefits towards the employees can mitigate the problems within the organisation (Hecker, 1993). To avoid the material losses due to strike the senior management of GMFC arranged a meeting to accept the labour cost increase by 5cent per hour but they did not provide any health care plans in their policies. To mitigate the issues related with their organisation the management of the organisation needs to aware about the competitive pay according to the other manufacturing US Company and the senior management needs to provide extra benefits like medical care support for thei r workers. Apart from the governmental policy making websites few trade union websites related to the manufacturing firm also highlighted that, to mitigate the union issues from the organisation the higher management needs to provide some effective benefit programme towards the employees for their satisfaction. By satisfying the employees in their personal and professional life the management can easily manage the workplace related problem. Flexible working time proving is one of the most effective policies making for the organisation. In the manufacturing unit often the employees required flexible working hours for their betterment in the performance and work satisfaction. Flexible timing within the organisation is quite effective for the older employees or for the new mothers in the organisation. In the organisation the employees attached with union because of their dissatisfaction with the management about their workplace, salary, promotion or several other issues. To mitigate those programm es the union leaders often hampered the production of the organisation by calling lockout or strike in their production unit. To manage the union leaders and to influence and motivate the employees in the organisation, the employer or the higher management of the organisation needs to communicate well with them (Hanson and Zott, 2013). By the help of proper communication through the formal or informal way, the management can assess the work related issues or some personal issues of the employees and according to the problem base the higher management instruct the human resource team to provide effective competitive package and other benefit providing policies implementation programme for the better outcomes in the workplace. Employee trust and recognition: The paper is highlighting the employee issue in the organizational premises. An organization is run by the strength of the management skills of the staffs (Fernie and Metcalf, 2005). According to the famous researchers; employees are the prime stakeholders of the business. Organizational performance and productivity is highly depended on the efficiency of the employees. By their strong support, an organization could reach to the peak of success. Management of any company always need to focus on this issue. It has been happened in past that an organization has been compelled to close their operation due to the problems associated with employment. Staffs can be termed as the backbone of the business, now the question is about the role of Union leaders and functionalities of trade unions. Tree Union is the collaboration of some members those raise their voice for the rights and duties of employees in an organization. Many conflicts are created when manag ement doesnt rely with the concept and perceptions of staffs. Researchers and observers stated that a mutual relationship must be there where employees must have to be shown respect and honour. If employees will get respect then they will get the inspiration of doing hard work. According to the Maslows Hierarchy needs trust plays an important role for motivating staffs. Integrity in the work place can be generated through this process. In this respective case study of GMFC, characteristics of employees have been changed due to various reasons. Employees have raised their voice for the increment in the salary. For this reason management needs to focus on the employee recognition and trust. By showing respect and honour management of the respective organization could be able to solve the problems of trade unions (Colgan and Ledwith, 2002). Management needs to appraise the skills and efficiency of the staffs. Through this process employees also could be able to keep faith on the organizational decisions and future prospect. Now, employees of GMFC have lost the faith over the organization. Management must have to regain that faith by making a mutual understanding. Conclusion Strategy creation is an on-going method involving activities like defining vision, goals as well as operation, analysing company or organization and atmosphere and matching them to choose suitable actions and objectives, as well as implementing the review system. These four tools may solve the employees problems which are highly appreciated by the government: air and consistent policies and practices, Open door management policies, Competitive pay and benefits, Employee trust and recognition (Baldwin, 2003). Fair and consistent policies and practices are more effective to solve these kind problems in any company. The HR of a company should take responsibility in it and other three tools are also very important to resolve this employees problem, the government said. The first motto of a companys or HR manager of an organizations should fulfil the employees need because the employee is the back bone of any successful company. The overall paper has represented the process of making relationship with the staffs and enhances the performance of the business. References Baldwin, R. (2003). The decline of US labor unions and the role of trade. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics. Bascetta, C. (2008). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Bondi, J. (1997). Strategic wargaming. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.: U.S. Army War College Colgan, F. and Ledwith, S. (2002). Gender, diversity, and trade unions. London: Routledge. Fernie, S. and Metcalf, D. (2005). Trade unions. New York: Routledge. Free trade unions and worker rights. (1990). [Washington, D.C.]: [US Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication]. Hanson, A. and Zott, L. (2013). Free trade. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Harcourt, M. and Wood, G. (2004). Trade unions and democracy. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Hecker, S. (1993). US Unions, Trade and International Solidarity: Emerging Issues and Tactics. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 14(3), pp.355-367. Kirton, G. and Healy, G. (2013). Gender and leadership in trade unions. New York: Routledge. Lockett, M. (1987). Trade Unions in China, 1949 to the Present: The Organization and Leadership of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. By Lai To Lee. [Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1986. 206 pp. S$20.00; US$11.00.]. The China Quarterly, 109, p.125. Lund, J. (2009). Financial reporting and disclosure requirements for trade unions: a comparison of UK and US public policy. Industrial Relations Journal, 40(2), pp.122-139. Morris, D. and McGann, E. (2007). Outrage. New York: HarperCollins. Phelan, C. (2007). Trade union revitalisation. Oxford: Peter Lang. Record, J. (1999). Strategic importance of the US Army Veterinary Service in an NBC environment. Carlisle Barracks, Pa.: U.S. Army War College. Reshef, Y. (1988). Changing Environments and Management IR Practices. Implications for US Trade Unions. Relations industrielles, 43(1), p.43. Strategic options and action plan for land reform in Namibia. (2005). [Windhoek, Namibia]. The decline of US labor unions and the role of trade. (2004). Choice Reviews Online, 41(06), pp.41-3522-41-3522.. Turban, E. Sipior, J. (2015). Information technology for management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

You Belong To Me Essay Example For Students

You Belong To Me Essay Word Count: 650Mary Higgins Clark does a great job of keeping the reader in suspense. Mary Higgins Clark introduces many characters that all could me suspects in the crimes she describes in this novel. was definitely one of her best works. Dr. Susan Chandler, a clinical psychologist, is researching cases of missing women. On her daily talk show, she focuses on the case of Regina Clausen who disapeared on a cruise three years earlier. In Reginas belongings, a turquoise ring with the inscription You Belong to Me engraved on the inside of the band is found. Carolyn Wells, a viewer, calls the show and says she recieved and identical turquoise ring from a man while on a recent cruise. He tried to persuade Carolyn to leave the cruise and rejoin it in another city. Carolyn agrees to meet with Dr. Chandler to discuss the turquoise ring. On her way to meet with Dr. chandler, Carolyn was pushed in front of a van. She is seriously injured and in a coma. Carolyns husband, Justin, is suspected of trying to murder her. Dr. Chandler thinks he may also have something to do with Reginas disappearance. We will write a custom essay on You Belong To Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Soon other people that are related to the case are mysteriously murdered. Hilda Johnson who witnessed Carolyns accident claims it was intentional. Hilda si murdered after she tells the police her side of the story. The next day on Dr. Chandlers show a viewer named Tiffany calls and says her boyfriend bought her an identical turquoise ring. She cannot remember the exact location, but it was a shop in Greenwich Village. Tiffany also mentions that the day she was there a sharp dressed man came in and bought several turquoise rings. Soon both Tiffany and the shop owner are brutally stabbed to death. In the meantime, Dr. Chandler is dating two people. One is a psychologist and guest on her show, Dr. Don Richards. The other is a wealthy man named Alex Wright. Certain facts are introduced about both of these men that lead the reader to beleive that one of them may be the murderer. As Dr. Chandler gets closer to solving the case, she does not realize the danger she is in. While working late one night, she is hit over the head by a man, Alex Wright. This is the climax of the novel because the reader finally discovers who the killer is. Alex then admits to the previous murders. He also reveals the abuse he received from his stepmother while growing up. Killing the women is a release of rage for him. Alex now wraps Dr. Chandler up in a plastic bag to kill her. She saved herself by cutting the bag on a piece of broken glass. Dr. Chandler solved the case and saved her life;she also put a murderer in jail. You Belong to Me points out the dangers vulnerable lonely women face. Mary Higgins Clarks characters are definitely believable with the help of a present day setting in New York. You Belong to Me is a very suspenseful book in which the purpose is to mainly entertain. Mary Higgins Clark creates two evident conflicts in this novel, person vs. person and person vs. self. The conflict person vs. person is apparent when Alex is murdering he victims and when Dr. Chandler is working against him to solve the case. Person vs. self is a major conflict because his main targets are women who are lonely and have no self-esteem. This conflict is also shown when Alex reveals the emotional abuse his stepmother inflicted on him. You Belong to Me is a well-written book intended for young adults and adults, it is a must read novel.

buy custom Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security essay

buy custom Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security essay Introduction Dell Company is a leading corporation that markets and sells their products through websites. Dell Inch is an American multinational corporation that deals with information technology products, such as computers and other related products. It bears the name of the founder Michael Dell who founded it in1984. It is one of the largest technological companies across the globe. It is the leading sellers of technological products of high quality across the globe. Dell Inch distributes their products across the globe through utilizing their website for advertising their products and services available in the market. The company conducts their business across the globe through subsidiaries. It designs, develops, manufactures, markets and sells their products in a wide range of product that are customized to individual customers. However, in the past three years, Dell Company has experienced a security breach. Dell employ unique marketing strategies and tits website provides a competitive adv ance, which contributes to increased sales. Dell Inch has designed its website in a manner that creates attention to customers. It has brand names for varied market segments for their products. The business corporate represents brand whereby the companys product information emphasizes the long life-cycles, reliability and serviceability of varied products. The consumer class emphasizes product value, its performance and expendability. It provides the arrangement of products available in the market. These products are arranged in a manner that makes it easy for customers to choose the products they want to purchase. Each product has information revealing the suitability of the products and where it suits best. The corporate contact information is clearly provided in their website in order to help customers make easy access of products purchase. The purpose of the contacts, which includes the email address of the company, is provided with the aim of contacting the company in case one needs the products. Additionally, customer information at purchase is provided for each product presented in the list. The company provides information for activity based management and such information includes product evaluation or information about the product a customer purchased. The information for products at purchase is clearly provided to customers in order to help them make decisions of the products suitable for them. Customization of products for customers is the most critical means of delivering true value to customers (Hvam, Mortensen and Riis, 2008). The companies customize their products in order to achieve superior competitive advantage in the marketplace. The company implements product configuration system as a way of achieving this practice. It provides a lead time for product reduction depending on the demands of customers. Therefore, the design of products is done in a way that attracts the attention of customers. The company carries out product customization, because consumers prefer to achieve their personal tastes reflecting on what they are doing or using. Thus, Dell customizes products for their customers in order to help them meet their demanding needs. One of the corporations Internet marketing strategies employed in marketing their products is lowering of prices for products any time all the year round. The company keeps on lowering their products in order to compete with their competitors producing the same products. This is crucial because it strategy has enabled it to acquire more customers who order and buy products online. In 2006, the company cut their prices in an effort of maintaining their market share. It also cut profit margins of real products purchased by more than a half. This is done for the purpose of maintaining existing customers and attracting more customers in the market. The company keeps on accepting most purchase made through the Internet or telephone network in order to maintain their prices low. After the customers purchase the products online, the company provides a free delivery thus; encouraging more customers for the availability of products in the market. Another marketing strategy they use is providing customers with bonuses for products purchased. The company offers their customers with free bonuses for the products purchased, including Dell printers and scanners. This is crucial, because it enables customers to demand more products in their company. This is a crucial strategy that helps the company to compete favorably with their competitors. They make subsequent product campaigning through their website. They make promotions of their services and products online offering a wide range of bonuses in order to attract more customers. Moreover, they started using the slogan of Yours is here as a means of making their products known to customers. This slogan is one of the advertisement strategies that communicate the way their products fits the requirements of customers. The last strategy they employed is providing free shipping of products in order to encourage more sales as well as to keep off their competitors. This is an essential tool that involves more customers to purchase the products. This is crucial because it increases the sales of products and encourages customers to make more purchase of products online, since they are freely delivered to them. Not only this strategy increases sales, but also aims at keeping away their competitors. The major competitors of Dell Company are Toshiba, Acer, Sony, Samsung and many other companies, which are producing software and hardware computer related products. Dell and its subsidiary, such as HP and other manufactures, have profoundly competed favorably in the market across the globe. This is through the introduction of this strategy that had helped them to maintain their customers, and they have created new customers for their computer products. This marketing strategy was formulated after Dell lost mo re server market share in 2006, to their competitors. The Dell Corporations privacy is a greater concern to the company. The company has implemented a strategy of managing their products and they have created a customer relationship management (CRM). This is the way their customer interacts with them and it involves technology use in organizing, automating and synchronizing business process. The security is provided by the company in order to protect their properties form any theft or malicious acts thhat may hinder the company from better performance. The customer relationship management is their business strategy that the company employs in providing security privacy. It takes into consideration sales activities and technical support provided to customers in case of any need arise. Moreover, they provide free software security and trial version downloads to customers in order to keep their computer safe. Additionally, the company is concerned with security privacy due to the need of striking a balance between ease use in the CRM software interface and acceptable security measures. Striking this balance is a challenge, because security improvements may be at the expense of the system usability. According to Roberts (2008), it is vital for a company to design and develop technology that strikes a balance between the user interface and security features that meets the standards of the company. Mostly, the security breaches result due to errors made by the user. Such errors may be intentionally done through downloading or executing computer virus something, which is termed as security breaches. Therefore, Dell Company responds to security bleaches through identifying the files and following the users; orders in order to execute the file exposed to the harmful virus. The research study indicates that a more usable system may create a less confusion or amount of errors that may arise thus; creating a more secure as well as stable CRM system. One of the methods or tools recommendable for ensuring greater security for customers is providing data security systems. The primary functional tool that would provide high security to customers is collecting the clients and information in order to enable the company to protect their clients form insecurity. Data security is one way of ensuring that the information or content is kept safe, and its access to its suitability is controlled (Ryan and Jones, 2009). This is vital, because data security enables a company to ensure privacy. It protects personal information and its one way of ensuring information is kept secure. The company may use some data security technologies, such as hardware base mechanism for protecting information from any theft or insecure. This data security may protect the information from being stolen. The company may provide strong protection from any unauthorized access, because some encrypted operating systems may be corrupted by malicious programs making them unusable. The hardware based security program may prevent this from any access thus, providing a better security of information. The second method recommendable for providing greater security to customers is data masking. This is a method of obscuring structured data within a database cell in order to ensure that information security is maintained. This is done through masking the information from the users, developers and outsourcing vendors. This is vital because it will enable the company to protect their customers from any malicious act. Masking data are a method employed in many organizations selling their products online, because it creates exceptional customer relationship. This enables the company to maintain their customers, thus will continue to operate smoothly without any consequence in business transactions. Buy custom Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security essay

Amistad Summary

Amistad Movie Summary The film begins in the depths of the schooner La Amistad, a slave-ship carrying captured West Africans into slavery. The films protagonist, Sengbe Pieh, most known by his Spanish name, Cinque, painstakingly picks a nail out of the ships structure and uses it to pick the lock on his shackles. Freeing a number of his companions, Cinque initiates a rebellion on board the storm-tossed vessel. In the ensuing fighting, several Africans and most of the ships Spanish crew are killed, but Cinque saves two of the ships officers, Ruiz and Montez, whom he believes can sail them back to Africa. After six weeks have passed, the ship is running out of food and fresh water, and Cinque is growing angry with Yamba who believes keeping the Spaniards alive is the only way to get back to Africa. During the night, they pass another vessel, carrying a group of wealthy English-speaking passengers having a dinner party on deck. The next day, they sight land. Unsure of their location, a group of African men takes one of the ships boats to shore to fetch fresh water. While there, La Amistad is found by a military vessel bearing an American flag the Spaniards have tricked the Africans by sailing directly for the United States. Captured by the American Navy, the Amistad Africans are taken to a municipal jail in New Haven, Connecticut, where the ships occupants, and a tearful Cinque, are thrown into a grim dungeon, awaiting trial. The films focus now shifts to Washington, D. C. , where a session in the House of Representatives introduces John Quincy Adams (Anthony Hopkins), the elderly former President and politician. While strolling in the gardens, Adams is introduced to two of the countrys leading abolitionists; the elderly freed slave Theodore Joadson (Morgan Freeman) and Christian activist Mr. Tappan (Stellan Skarsgard), both of whom are leading shipping magnates in New England and co-proprietors of the pro-abolitionist newssheet The Emancipator. The two have heard of the plight of the Amistad Africans and attempt to enlist Adams to help their cause. Adams, apparently verging on senility, refuses to help, claiming that he neither condemns nor condones slavery. News of the Amistad incident also reaches current President of the United States, Martin Van Buren (Nigel Hawthorne), who is bombarded with demands for compensation from the juvenile Spanish Head of State, Queen Isabella II of Spain (Anna Paquin). At a preliminary hearing in a district court, the Africans are charged with insurrection on the high seas, and the case rapidly dissolves into conflicting claims of property ownership from the Kingdom of Spain, the United States, the surviving officers of La Amistad, and the officers of the naval vessel responsible for re-capturing the slave-ship. Aware that they cannot fight the case on moral grounds, the two abolitionists enlist the help of a young attorney specializing in property law; Roger Sherman Baldwin (Matthew McConaughey). At the jail, Baldwin and the abolitionists, along with a nervous Professor of Linguistics, attempt to talk to the Amistad Africans, but neither side is able to understand anything the other party says. In the prison, events among the Africans are accelerating. Yamba, Cinques apparent rival for authority amongst the Africans, has converted to Christianity and is now resigned to his death, believing that execution will send them to a pleasant afterlife. The death of a young man provokes the Africans into a furious demonstration against the American authorities, screaming and chanting in their native languages as a prison riot threatens. As the hearings drag on, Baldwin and Joadson regularly walk round the city docks, counting numbers in the Mande language, in an attempt to recruit an interpreter. They eventually happen upon a black sailor in the Royal Navy, James Covey (Chiwetel Ejiofor). Using Coveys linguistic abilities, Baldwin and his companions are able to talk to Cinque. In his first speaking role in the courtroom, Cinque, through a series of flashbacks, tells the haunting story of how he became a slave. Cinque, a peasant farmer and young husband and father in West Africa, was kidnapped by African slave-hunters and taken to the slave fortress of Lomboko, an illegal facility in the British Protectorate of Sierra Leone. There, he and hundreds of other captured Africans were loaded onto transatlantic slave-ship (Tecora). Cinque tells of the various horrors of the Middle Passage, including frequent rape, horrific torture, and random executions carried out by the crew, including the deaths of fifty people deliberately drowned in order to save food. Upon their arrival in Cuba, Cinque was sold at a slave market and purchased, along with many other Tecora survivors, by the owners of La Amistad. Once aboard La Amistad, Cinque was able to free himself of his shackles, and began the slaves rebellion for freedom. The courtroom drama continues as District Attorney William S. Holabird (Pete Postlethwaite) and Secretary of State John Forsyth (David Paymer) press their case for property rights and dismiss Cinques story as a mere piece of fiction. While exploring the impounded vessel La Amistad for much-needed evidence to support the Africans claims, Baldwin happens upon a notebook, stuffed into a crevice by Ruiz and Montez to conceal the evidence of illegal slave-trading. Using the book as hard evidence of illegal trading, Baldwin calls expert witnesses including Captain Fitzgerald (Peter Firth), a British naval commander assigned to patrol the West Africa coastline to enforce the British Empires anti-slavery policies. As Fitzgerald is cross-examined by the haughty Holabird, tension in the courtroom rises, ultimately prompting Cinque to leap from his seat and cry Give us free over and over, a heartfelt plea using the English he has learned. Cinques plea touches many, apparently including the judge in a court ruling, Judge Coglin (Jeremy Northam) dismisses all claims of ownership, rules that the Africans were captured illegally and not born on plantations, orders the arrest of the Amistads remaining crew on charges of slave-trading, and authorizes the United States to convey the Amistad Africans back to Africa at the expense of the nation. While Cinque, Joadson, Baldwin, and the jubilant Africans celebrate their victory, a state dinner at the White House threatens to overturn the ruling. While conversing with the Spanish Ambassador to Washington, Senator John C. Calhoun (Arliss Howard) launches into a damning diatribe aimed at President Van Buren, emphasising the economic importance of slaves in the South, and ends his tirade with a concealed but clear threat that should the government set a precedent for abolition by releasing the Amistad Africans, the South will have little choice but to go to war with the north. With his advisors warning that the Amistad incident could bring the United States one big step closer to civil war, President Van Buren orders that the case be submitted to the Supreme Court, dominated by its Southern slave-owning judges. Furious, Mr. Tappan splits with Joadson and Baldwin, who break the news to an enraged and disgusted Cinque. In need of an ally with legal background in the intricacies of Supreme Court workings, Baldwin and Joadson meet again with John Quincy Adams, who has been following the case carefully. Adams, aware that Cinque is now refusing to talk to Baldwin, invites the African leader to his home. While Adams gives him a rambling tour of his greenhouse, Cinques emotional reaction to seeing a West African violet, native to his homeland, convinces Adams to assist the case. At the Supreme Court, John Quincy Adams gives a long and passionate speech in defense of the Africans. Arguing that if Cinque were white and had rebelled against the British, the United States would have exalted him as a hero; and that the Africans rebellion to gain their freedom was no different to the Americans rebellion against their oppressors some seventy years earlier. Arguing that condemning the Amistad Africans would render the principles and ideals of the Constitution worthless, he exhorts the judges to free the Africans, stating that the looming threat of civil war will simply be the final battle of the American Revolution. His case made, the United States awaits the Supreme Courts ruling. On the day of judgment, Justice Joseph Story (Harry Blackmun) announces the Supreme Courts decision on the case. Believing that the Amistad Africans were illegally kidnapped from their homes in Africa, United States laws on slave ownership do not apply. Furthermore, since that was the case, the Amistad Africans were within their rights to use force to escape their confinement. The Supreme Court authorizes the release of the Africans and their conveyance back to Africa. Legally freed for the second and final time, Cinque bids emotional farewells to his companions; shaking Adams hand, giving Joadson his most treasured possession, a lion tooth which is his only memento of Africa, and thanking Baldwin in English. As Cinque is about to leave, Baldwin clasps Cinque and bids a farewell, in the Mande language, to the African leader. The end of the film depicts various scenes. Royal marines assault the Lomboko Slave Fortress, killing the slavers and freeing the kidnapped Africans held within the dungeons. With the fortress evacuated, Captain Fitzgerald, who has finally located the fortress, orders his warship of the Royal Navys West Africa Anti-Slavery Squadron to open fire on the facility, destroying Lomboko. Interspersed with this are scenes of Martin Van Buren losing his election campaign. The final scenes depict Cinque and the freed Africans returning to Africa, dressed in white, the West African colour of victory and accompanied by James Covey, who has shed his British uniform in exchange for African attire.

Corporate Social Responsibility of the Dow Chemical Company Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility of the Dow Chemical Company - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the current times do not allow for companies to be in business just for the sake of making profits anymore. Many consumers rely on companies and firms for goods and services, but the level of competition allows the consumers to make their purchasing decisions based on several factors. One of the most surprising factors is how much positive goods a company is doing outside of the workplace setting. Many consumers are basing their company and corporate loyalties on how much a firm is positively impacting on their community. Therefore, CSR has become a growing concern for most, if not all firms and corporations because it provides a competitive edge to a company. Through CSR, companies are innovating new products and services to ensure sustainability. For instance, a firm might change the chemical composition of its products so as to make them safer for the end users. A firm can also devote their funds and much valued time to initiatives that are beneficial to the society, like cleanups. Corporate Social Responsibility entails the managing of the overall impacts of a company on a society. This consists of the direct impact of the operations and the wider impact of business all through the value chain from manufacturers to suppliers and finally to the consumers. Corporate Social Responsibility can also be defined as the ongoing commitment by a firm to contribute to economic development, at the same time improving the quality of life of its employees and their families as well as the society and community at large. CSR can also be referred to as â€Å"corporate citizenship†, involving the incurrence of costs that don’t provide a direct financial benefit to the company but promotes positive environmental and social change. The Dow Chemical Company is a globally acknowledged manufacturer and supplier of products used as raw materials in the manufacture of a myriad of other consumer products and services.

Real World Negotiation Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Real World Negotiation Paper - Assignment Example Additionally, the increase would also see my employer acquiring maximum and satisfying service from me. Informed by the fact that successful negotiation is mainly realized through proper preparations, possess effective communication skills, being able to control emotions and having greatclossing the deal skills, I embarked on the quest for having a salary increase. As part of my preparation to face her and negotiate for my salary increment, I prepared myself in various ways as I have discussed below: I started by preparing a logical argument and evidence that could support and make my claim logical. Informed by the fact that activities key during the preparation process include developing position of strength, and establishing a foundation for success and developing confidence, I chose to start my preparation by coming up with a very strong argument as to why I felt the urge to approach my employer and demand for salary increase and why I stood a chance to see my salary being increas ed without much objection. I went on to compose evidence that will support all my arguments although in order to make my demand reasonable and realistic. I also considered my argument to be the demand for the increase to be because of rise in the cost of living and the supporting evidence was that other employers within the region had seen their salary being increased, inflation had resulted to the fall of value of money which in turned had reduced my purchasing power and therefore the amount I was being paid did too little to satisfy all my needs, there was also a general increase in price of commodities which demanded for more money than I was earning before and finally that it was also meant to be a sign of appreciation to for the good job the I had been doing for my employee for so long. I also went on to consider the amount of salary increase that I expect. I went on with my preparation process of computing and coming up with an amount of money that I was to propose as my incre ment. I choose to come up with the maximum amount and reasonable amount of my salary increase that I expected from my employer and also the minimum amount that I was to expect in the course of the negotiation process. As part of my preparation I also choose to come with a formal letter and send it early enough to notify and prepare my employee over the setting of the negotiation date and this was also meant to prepare my employer psychologically over considering my pay rise. Since my employer was never around and were never met so easily, I also considered my grooming as part of my preparation. This was because my personal appearance and outlook was also to play an important at either building my reputation or destroying it. I also knew that smartness played a critical role towards boosting my confidence. During the negation day, all went well and as planned, the negotiation date was set in advance and in consideration to the schedule of both sides not interfering with the any of ou r activities. On the negotiation d

Fundamentals of Administration Curriculum and Supervision Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Administration Curriculum and Supervision Essay Introduction Administration curriculum and supervision in education developed out of the desire to run schools under laid down skills, rules and guidelines. This was supposed to be carried out by professors and educational practitioners. In the 18thcentury this process was governed by professionally unskilled men from the local community. The administration process in education is comprised of government officials in charge of education that is from the ministry o education, the professors, curriculum developers and designers, heads of schools and the teachers’ staff. The curriculum involves stakeholders in education, professors and teachers. Supervision consists of almost the members in administration with others like inspectors and invigilators. These are charged with the role of monitoring the implementation of programmes in schools. (Doll, W. E. 1993) In this paper am concerned with the fundamentals of administration that is main the main areas of responsibility in administration, challenges that leaders face in education, the curriculum in the American society and the supervision process in education as well as problems encountered in supervision in schools. The three factors are important in the education system because schools are run by programmmes, set of rules and guidelines which can only be done by administrators, curriculum developers and supervisors. Fundamentals of administration Administration is used to mean governance or a body of rules regulations and programmes that guide the running of an organization. In the education context it is the management in schools or educational institutions. This process is very important since it facilitates effectiveness and efficiency in planning and running school programmes. There are several departments in the sector of education and just like any other organization it needs experts in different fields to perform the function of governance. In my opinion the various main areas of responsibility in administration are as follows: The area of selection of content, which can also be referred to as leaning activities. Education in any society is supposed to mould learners to become useful members to the society and develop the culture of that particular society. Therefore administrators have the responsibility to ensure that what is placed in the curriculum is useful and will enable students achieve the objectives and goals of that education system. This is the reason why administrators in education should be professionally equipped with knowledge and skills so as to enable the come up with sensible decisions in education. (Marshall and Oliva2006) Selection and recruitment of personnel in education sector is yet another area that calls for administration. In the modern world unlike in the past, selection of experts to run and play different roles in education is supposed to follow some rules and qualifications of the candidates. The modern world is full of advancements and inventions especially in technology, thus during recruitment some criteria has to be developed by experts already in administration so that competence is maintained throughout in education. The administration plays the responsibility of selecting students to join various levels of education. It does this by setting up standards for students and schools. Selection of resources and materials to meet the needs of students is done by the decision makers which is still the administration from the governmental level down to the school level. It is the decision makers in government who decide the sum of funds to be allocated to the education sector after the budget has been drawn for a state. (Ann, M. 2008) Administration is also concerned with the factor of standards of performance that is the evaluation process. Education can never be complete without measuring the outcome in students the teaching methodologies and the curriculum used, because of this there is need to set up standards in evaluating these programmes. Evaluation brings about improvements, it helps to identify and eliminate unproductive programmes. In students it is for motivational reasons for guidance and counseling as well as grading them. (Marshall and Oliva 2006) Administration is also in involved in the field of certification and employment whereby after completion of a course students graduate to the next higher level or they join the job market. During this time of going to other levels they are given certificates according to their performance and qualifications. The administration is able to certify by checking the standards of summative evaluation especially the examiners, they are also included in the body of administrators. (Perry, M. 2000) Challenges that leaders face in school administration. The quality of administrators and teachers(trainers). These are the professors ,government officials and teachers in schools . The quality is low meaning hat the level of output will be low because they lack skills and competence, This leads to poor performance. It is evident in the field of technology where teachers lack skills in new innovations like the use of digital technology in education system (. Ann, M. 2008). The problem can be responded to by establishment of training centres for administrators and teachers. This will help to prepare them with necessary skills like the information and technology as well as presentation skills. There should encourage workshops seminars and conferences to enable administrators to share ideas on leadership and learn from one another through the interactions. By so doing I feel the administration will notice some improvements in its performance. The issue of low performance is also an obstacle in the education system which leaders face Low performance in the school system is as a result of factors like indiscipline among the learners and the school staff, violent behavior in the school and the low quality of teachers who cannot deliver. In learners indiscipline consist of drug abuse absenteeism from school and so on. While indiscipline administrators, teachers and the other school staff are those who fail to perform their duties alcoholics and lack respect towards their co-worker. This problem can be dealt with through guidance and counseling programmes in schools to rehabilitate especially the drug addict victims. Parent should also be involved in correcting the indiscipline children. I suggest that institutions should also come up with firm rules and regulations concerning indiscipline cases, and then a friendly relationship should be maintained between teachers and students to avoid rebellions in schools because students will feel free to express their feelings. The gap between the advantaged and the disadvantaged is yet another challenge that leaders face in school. This is a barrier in provision of equitable resources in education The well off families are able to provide quality education for their children while the less fortunate lack opportunity to access this education because of lack of resources. This can be solved by measures being put in place to provide education to all regardless of the inequalities in the society and the cultural imperialism. Ann, M. (2008) has explained this issue this means that the government should intervene to provide social justice in the society. Poor leadership and weak management in schools is another big issue of administration in schools. This comes about because of lack of leadership and managerial skills among the people who are given the responsibility to lead and manage schools. Misappropriation and embezzlement of funds and resources is as a result of poor leadership. Due to this the are unnoticeable developments and improvements in schools with weak leadership because the administration misuse funds allocated to schools to meet the learners needs hence performances go drop as the essential needs of students are not provided which affects them negatively. The above problem can be avoided through training leaders in schools to gain leadership and managerial skills to assist them in planning and organizing the programmes in schools and wise budgeting of school basic needs and materials. Leaders should also set up boards to supervise the handling of finance and school resources so that the school administration becomes accountable to the expenditures made this will ensure transparency and accountability in the school management. (Ann, M. 2008) Curriculum in the modern society. Curriculum can be defined as well planned and systematic programmes that enable the process of education to achieve various aims and objectives. Marshall and Oliva (2006). In trying to understand curriculum one needs to have an understanding of these factors. Epistemology where by one has to know what type of knowledge is contained in curriculum and what is to know. The political side of curriculum is who controls selection of knowledge that should be included in the society. Curriculum can be said to be a cultural construction . This is supported by the postmodern theory . The postmodern vision of curriculum research and classroom practices can lead to a just, caring and ecologically sustainable culture In regard to the constructive curriculum Doll (1993) said that â€Å"Being alert to the implications of historical sedimentations in language we use is no destruction. Curriculum can be viewed as a body of knowledge, however this should not make one to take it as syllabus because this perspective tends to take the traditional text book approach as a body of knowledge it makes sense because this makes education to be a process by which knowledge is delivered to learners. People who take curriculum as syllabus are likely to limit themselves in planning content. Curriculum is expected to promote social justice in education. The post modern theory tries to challenge the foundationalism, realism and essentialism that have led to discrimination in respect to race gender and culture because they limit their scope to traditional quantitative beliefs in postmodern theory that will fight gender, cultural and racial discrimination in the modern theory of education. Postmodern argues that it is not easy for a teacher to be called a teacher without being a learner . This is a very important point. Teacchers should be willing to learn from this process of teaching because learning is a life long process. Modern theory assumes that teachers know everything. However there is an argument that learning is a life long process and it will never be complete. (Ann, M. 2008) Supervision in education. It is the process of checking and monitoring the implementation of the curriculum. For example the curriculum developers supervise curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation. Experts in this section ensure that the curriculum plans, materials and equipment are in good condition. The examination boards supervise administration of exams in schools. They facilitate the setting, moderation and marking as well as the grading of students and the schools. (Sergiovanne, J. 2006). The government is also involved in supervision in education through the ministry of education which takes care and checks maintenance of educational standards in a state. It ensures that all laid down procedures in education are followed and the standards attained. Supervisors in education like any other field need to be trained to acquire necessary skills in supervision. These include skills in setting priorities handling responsibilities communication and other important skills in a profession (Perry, M. 2000) Problems of supervision in schools. The supervision section just like administration they have common challenges which they face since they are both dealing in management of the education system. The major challenge that supervisors face is scarcity of resources and funds to facilitate their functions. There is high demand from the schools for resources to meet the materials and resources required in education especially in trying to provide for the disadvantaged population. This constraint gives supervisors hard time in dealing with the available resources. The gap in the society of poor and rich ,the social injustices are also challenges facing supervisors as well as misappropriation of funds by the authority to schools and lack of skills by some personnel which means poor performances in that field and interference from the government officials. ( Sergiovanne, J. 2006) Conclusion The education system is organized into various programmes and for this process to achieve a success it has to be run by experts in different sections, these administer and supervise the process while the content or learning activities carried out in schools are what we refer to as the curriculum. References Perry, M. (2000) Walking the Line: The Art and Practice of Anti-Racism Teaching for Social Justice. New York: Amazon. Sergiovanne, J. T. (2006). Supervision: A Redifination. New York: Amazon. Doll, W. E. (1993). A post-modern perspective on curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press. Ann, M. D. (2008) Sustainability: a leadership issue. Retrieved on 6th June, 2008 from http://www. sustainabilityaleadershipissue. blogspot. com Marshall, C. Oliva, M. (2006). Leadership for Social Justice: Making Revolutions in Education. New York: Pearson Books.

Business Functions, Organisational Structures and Culture :: Papers

Business Functions, Organisational Structures and Culture All companies have split areas/departments where certain groups of people have a certain role in the business. These functions are important to a business as it helps with the every day-to-day running of it. These departments are: -  · Human Resources  · Finance  · Research and Development  · Marketing  · ICT  · Sales  · Customer Service  · Quality Control  · Purchasing I have a copy of the Global Scott Bader Group Structure (see diagram) It is split into certain areas and functions of the business; finance, service, human resources, IT, Marketing R+D and Sales of composites, and marketing R+D and sales of speciality polymers. All of these departments have very important roles within the business they help with the every day running of the business and help the business to keep to its objectives. These departments will probably have their own certain objectives that they have to keep track of, so the business works well. The 'Finance Department' has a huge responsibility in the business I think it is probably one of the most important departments for a business and all the documents need to be correct and up to date so that the company can be efficient and in control of its transactions. It has the responsibility tosee that the money coming into and out of the business ismanaged properly. If this is done efficiently then thereshould be enough sales revenue and profit to pay the bills that are owed. The revenue is the money made by the business byselling its products andservices; it is used to pay for the things they had to buy in order to run the business. It is also used to pay the workers People within the finance department who have big responsibility's are people like the finance director for Scott Bader this is Keith Grace is in charge of: financial accounting, costing & budgeting, managing finance and payroll in all the Scott Bader companies for UK finance,

“Animal Farm: A Fairy Story” Essay

A book that is based on a fable usually contains characters that act and talk like human beings while retaining their human traits. George Orwell wrote a book that was called ‘animal farm: a fairy story’ and was most likely based on the Russian Revolution which occurred during 1917 to 1945. There are many reasons to which why George Orwell would have used a fable in his condemnation of Soviet communism and totalitarianism. George Orwell used talking animals to show their interaction of these animals to help link things about humans that he can link to animals in the world. George Orwell’s book contained many animals which seemed to be imprisoned on a farm by their owner Mr. Jones, it is recognised by many people that this symbolised the Russia and the Soviet Union under Communist Party rule. The pigs seemed to represent the leaders because they made all the decisions that involved the animals and the farm. The rest of the animals seemed to be the citizens that lived on the farm and were controlled by Mr. Jones then the pigs. The battle at cow shed represented the civil war which ravaged Russia until1920. The battle of the windmill is linked to the German invasion of Russia during World War II. Throughout time, many animals have gained a reputation for their unique actions or even physical looks. These animals have been used to insult or describe someone or what they were doing. When George Orwell wrote this book, he was able to choose particular animals as particular characters to help forebode that character’s particular characteristics and their role in the story. Orwell would have had the animals in the story chosen to help link intelligent human characteristics with dirty farm animals. Orwell is able to use animals to link them to behaviours of humans and even end the book by saying that it is difficult to tell the difference. When George Orwell wrote this book, it would have been clear to him that the topic he was writing about was very controversial and would have angered or annoyed many people in powerful or influential positions that could do some harm to him or his career as a writer by making an influential comment or action. By writing a fable, he is able to protect himself from the criticism or denigration he might receive from those that believe they are being  slandered. Orwell was able to write the book to create an unspoken link with his work and the events that are happening around them that the readers are able to connect without the author making a direct connection. This would have been a very good reason for Orwell to write the book in the way he did. As George Orwell wrote the book, he would have wanted his work to be remembered or recognised for as long as possible. By writing in a fable, his message can be referred to in any situation or any point in time because he has not made any specific references to a specific event. By having his message written in such a way he can now have it spread because the message is universal. By writing the book as a fable, Orwell was able to write his story without having to explain what and why things were really happening because the story was most likely based on politics which can be very difficult to understand. Orwell was able to create reasons to which why things were happening and still have it linked to the complicated topic of politics. Many more readers of the book would have found it much easier to read and understand because Orwell explained it all in a new way without having to complicate it with other topics. Having a wider audience for his book would have helped him spread his thoughts and message with more people reading his book. Based on your understanding of the Russian Revolution, do the characters and events in Animal Farm take on any new significance?When George Orwell wrote this book, he might have wanted his message to be universal though it is quite clear to many readers that he based the story and the many characters on the environment he was living in and the people he knew much more about. The farm itself would have represented Russia as a country and the farm’s transformations would have represented the government changes which Russia undertook during the time which the book was written. The farms surrounding and interacting with Animal Farm would have symbolized the other countries in the world which related with the country during that time which tremendous change was happening in Russia. Farmer Jones is easily linked to Czar Nicholas II because Nicholas was the leader or Russia and Jones was the owner of the farm which represented Russia. Both leaders were beginning to be questioned and hated by their followers and soon lost what they had control of. Jones came back with other farmers to come and attempt to regain control of the farm though was met with all of the animals who did not allow Jones to come out of the battle victorious with some animals rising from the group and inspiring them to fight harder. Nicholas also came back with help from other countries to help him regain control of the country which he once controlled. The animals of the farm obviously represent everyone and everything that was under the control of Mr. Jones. In reality, this would represent all the citizens and working class who were struggling in those times which were many in numbers. Karl Marx and Old Major have an obvious similarity because Karl Marx was one of the first to proclaim his vision of a better country and Old Major was the pig who tells all of the animals on the farm of the dream he had that had resurrected an idea and thought which he had forgotten long ago but was able to remember and then pass those ideas onto the other animals. Both Marx and Old Major died before the revolution had come. Old Major spread his message of the vision that he had by teaching a song which he heard as a little pig called the ‘Beasts of England’. This ideology of communism was very popular with the animals and even got them excited where the ideas of communism began to spread throughout the world. A real song was also written by the followers of communism which was called ‘Communist Internationale’. Napoleon seems to be an obvious metaphor for Stalin who was able to become the new leader after Jones had been defeated. Stalin also became the new leader after the rebellion was able to take over. Both Napoleon and Stalin seemed to have the best interest of the country or the farm though both seemed to give into the evil temptations which arose while they were in  those positions. Napoleon began to slowly become greedier for more power which then began to influence his actions such as training the puppies not to read but to train them to become his personal protectors and even attackers. Napoleon soon begins to shower himself with more luxury and fort such as sleeping in a bed and even drinking alcohol. Stalin was also overwhelmed with new found luxury and power and soon let the peasants whom he was meant to help suffer. Snowball seems to be the symmetry of Leo Trotsky. Snowball was a pig that had the same interests of the farm as Napoleon in mind though it is how they each approached their ideas which got them into fights. Snowball was always disagreeing with Napoleon’s ideas and it was soon that Napoleon’s physical way of forcing his thoughts onto others that conquered over Snowball’s less taunting approach. Trotsky was soon seen as a traitor by the country and left as Snowball did when he was forced out by Napoleon. Squealer seems to represent the media in those times who attempted to influence everyone’s thoughts as to what they thought about why Napoleon did such acts as the media did with Stalin. Squealer becomes the only link to Napoleon to the rest of the animals on the farm and was the persuader and influential speaker who was able to hide or conceal the true intentions of the pigs. The media in those times were able to influence so well because the working class in those times were quite uneducated and needed something to think for then and it was that source of media that they depended on. Boxer is quite clearly the metaphor for the working class in those times. Boxer was a very hard working animal on the farm that made great efforts throughout his life and always had a simple motto to help him work even harder. The uneducated workers in those times were easily influenced by Stalin because it seemed as though they would prosper most in the new system as did Boxer. Boxer was a very dedicated follower of Stalin who was later on betrayed by being sent to the glue factory. Mollie is the representation of the middle class workers who are educated and understand the true effects under the new government which was being presented. Mollie would wear a ribbon and lick sugar when Jones was in charge of the farm though as the animals took over, Mollie was not aloud to wear ribbons or lick sugar for she had to make sacrifices. In reality, the middle class did not like the new system for they would be lowered to everyone else’s level. Mollie then leaves the farm after being caught being patted by another farmer and lives as she did when Jones was in charge. The puppies which were taken away from their mother by Napoleon became the bodyguards or defenders of Napoleon. These dogs that Napoleon trained to help keep his strong grip on the country attack Snowball and force him out of the farm which leaves no significant challengers for Napoleon to face. These dogs also attacked anyone that opposed or betrayed Napoleon in anyway. This easily represents the police or army which Stalin had control of when he took over as the leader of Russia. The windmill seems to represent the economy of Russia in those harsh times. The animals worked hard together to build the windmill even though there was a shortage of food and it was promised that this would help them significantly. This was just like in reality where Stalin had a five year plan to help Russia and just like the windmills, they failed to succeed. The book is easily linked to many things around Orwell as he wrote the book. Even though the message of Orwell was attempted to be made universal it is most likely connected to the significant Russian revolution.

The Female Role in a Male Dominated Society

Women are sometimes undermined by the culture in which they live in. Only recently have they begun to be looked at as near equals to men and given a voice. Still, in some countries women may be pushed aside and left without a say in important decision-making. In the momentous novel The House of the Spirits, by Isabel Allende, the wife of each generation is a matriarch in her family. Individually they rise above cultural trends, and their husbands or lovers, to exercise the fact that women are important. Women can be as powerful as men, even in a male-dominated society. This is why Nivea, Clara, Blanca, and Alba make their voices and actions heard during difficult times in a developing country. American women were willing to go to extreme lengths to make their voice heard and receive the right to vote. Their efforts did not go unnoticed. News articles stated that â€Å"Their issues are legitimate and cut across socioeconomic and party lines,† (Brenner,1-2) and that the Suffragist’s would be willing to hold an all night vigile to make sure their right to vote was no longer delayed(New York Times, 1). The House of the Spirits takes place in Chile during the 1900’s. The story begins in the Del Valle household. Nivea is the current matriarch. She is a firm believer in women’s suffrage and equality. Nivea was the first woman of the novel to display her affection towards the underprivileged. She stood on crates and boxes to preach to the hard-working women wearing rags and working in factories that paid next to nothing. She brings Clara along with her after discovering that her family does everything they can to avoid Clara’s clairvoyant powers. Nivea and her suffragette friend inspire Clara at a young age to understand and grasp the absurdity of the issue. Her trends are absorbed by the following generations of women in her family. Esteban Trueba is Clara’s husband, an angry man who is violent to his many workers and doesn’t take rule from anyone. His success and authority of Tres Marias, his father’s old hacienda, turned him into a tough skinned man that not many people had control over. His mother’s death causes him to, one day, look for a wife. Esteban decides to go to the Del Valle house and inquire about a daughter able to marry him. Nivea offers him Clara, her last available daughter (88-89). Clara instantly has a power over Esteban. Her laugh and her smile are astonishing to Esteban Trueba, her beauty takes over him and he decides to marry her (90-91). Though Esteban is a dominating character he finds that he is unable to control Clara. I wanted to possess her absolutely, down to her last thought, but that diaphanous woman would float by me like a breath of fresh air, and even if I held her down with my hands and embraced her with all my strength, I could never make her mine. Her spirit wasn’t with me. (Allende, 177) Clara’s place as Esteban’s wife, and only love, capture him completely. She was the only person that could influence him and the only person that he would listen to. At one point he even changes the currency used on Tres Marias, a territory forbidden strictly to Esteban Trueba’s rule, because Clara feels that it would be nicer for the tenant’s to have a form of paper money. Esteban indeed stops handing the tenant’s pink slips and begins paying them with real money (178). Blanca and Alba are mother and daughter, both who have lovers involved in a revolution against the Conservative Government.

Getting College Essay Help Important Dos and Don’ts

Getting College Essay Help Important Do's and Don’ts SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you grow up to be a professional writer, everything you write will first go through an editor before being published. This is because the process of writing is really a process of re-writing – of rethinking and reexamining your work, usually with the help of someone else. So what does this mean for your student writing? And in particular, what does it mean for very important, but nonprofessional writing like your college essay? Should you ask your parents to look at your essay? Pay for an essay service? If you are wondering what kind of help you can, and should, get with your personal statement, you’ve come to the right place! In this article, I’ll talk about what kind of writing help is useful, ethical, and even expected for your college admission essay. I’ll also point out who would make a good editor, what the differences between editing and proofreading are, what to expect from a good editor, and how to spot and stay away from a bad one. Table of Contents What Kind of Help for Your Essay Can You Get? Editing What's Good Editing? What Should an Editor Do For You? What Kind of Editing Should You Avoid? Proofreading What's Good Proofreading? What Kind of Proofreading Should You Avoid? What Do Colleges Think Of You Getting Help With Your Essay? Who Can/Should Help You? Advice for Editors Should You Pay Money For Essay Editing? The Bottom Line What's Next? What Kind Of Help With Your Essay Can You Get? Rather than talking in general terms about "help," let's first clarify the two different ways that someone else can improve your writing. There is editing, which is the more intensive kind of assistance that you can use throughout the whole process. And then there's proofreading, which is the last step of reallypolishing your final product. Let me go into some more detail about editing and proofreading, and then explain how good editors and proofreaders can help you. Editing Editing is helping the author (in this case, you) go from a rough draft to a finished work. Editing is the process of asking questions about what you're saying, how you're saying it, and how you're organizing your ideas. But not all editing isgood editing. In fact, it's very easy for an editor to cross the line from supportive to overbearing and over-involved. What’s Good Editing? Ability to clarify assignments. A good editor is usually a good writer, and certainly has to be a good reader.For example, in this case, a good editor should make sureyou understand the actual essay promptyou’re supposed to be answering. Open-endedness. Good editing is all aboutasking questions about your ideas and work, butwithout providing answers. It's about lettingyou stick to your story and message, and doesn't alter your point of view. Objectivity. It's usually better for an editor tonot be emotionally involved with what you’re writing. For example, if your essay is about a parent, that parent should probably notedit your work.Good editing can also be a preview ofhow a reader will respond to what you’re writing, pointing out potentially confusing or offensive moments in your work. Great editors show you the many available paths, but don't tell you where to go. What Should an Editor Do For You? Think of an editor as a great travel guide. It can show you the many different places your trip could take you. It should explain any parts of the trip that could derail your trip or confuse the traveler. But it never dictates your path, never forces you to go somewhere you don't want to go, and never ignores your interests so that thetrip no longer seems like it's your own. So what should good editors do? Help Brainstorm Topics Sometimes it’s easier to bounce thoughtsoff of someone else.This doesn’t mean that your editorgets to come up with ideas, but they can certainly respond to the various topic optionsyou've come up with. This way, you’re less likely to write about the most boring of your ideas, or towrite about something that isn’t actually important to you. If you're wondering how to come up with options for your editor to consider, check outour guide to brainstorming topics for your college essay. Help Revise Your Drafts Here, your editor can't upset the delicate balance of not intervening too much or too little. It's tricky, but a great way to think about it is to remember: editing isabout asking questions, not giving answers. Revision questions shouldpoint out: Places where more detail or more description would help thereaderconnect with youressay Places where structure and logic don’t flow, losing the reader's attention Places where there aren’t transitions between paragraphs, confusing the reader Moments where your narrative or the argumentsyou're making are unclear But pointing to potential problems is not the same as actually rewriting – editors let authors fix the problems themselves. A good editor's favorite punctuation mark. What Kind of Editing Should You Avoid? Bad editing is usually very heavy-handed editing. Instead of helping you find your best voice and ideas, a bad editor changes your writing into their own vision. You may be dealing with a bad editor if they: Add material (examples, descriptions) that doesn’t come from you Use a thesaurus to makeyour collegeessay sound "more mature" Add meaning or insight to the essay that doesn’t come from you Tell you what to say and how to say it Write sentences, phrases, and paragraphs for you Change your voice in the essay so it no longer sounds like it was written by a teenager Colleges can tell the difference between a 17-year-old's writing and a 50-year-old's writing. Not only that, they have access to your SAT or ACT Writing section, so they can compare your essay to something elseyou wrote. Writing that's a little more polished is great and expected. But a totally different voice and style will raise questions. Where's the Line Between Helpful Editing and Unethical Over-Editing? Sometimes it's hard to tell whether your college essay editor is doing the right thing. Here are some guidelines for staying on the ethicalside of the line. An editor should say that theopening paragraph is kind of boring, and explain what exactly is making it drag. But it's overstepping for an editor to tell you exactly how to change it. An editor should point out where yourprose isunclearor vague. But it's completely inappropriate for the editor to rewrite that section of your essay. An editor should let you know that a section is light on detail or description. But giving you similes and metaphors to beef up that description is a no-go. With a good editor, these things will always only come from the author's head. Proofreading Proofreading (also called copy-editing) is checking for errors in the last draft of a written work. It happens at the end of the process and is meant as the final polishing touch. Proofreading is meticulous and detail-oriented, focusing on small corrections. It sands off all the surface rough spots that could alienate the reader. Because proofreading is usually concerned with making fixes on the word or sentence level, this is the only processwhere someone else can actually add to or take away things from youressay. This is because what they are adding or taking away tends to be one or two misplaced letters. What’s Good Proofreading? Laser focus. Proofreading is all about the tiny details, so the ability to really concentrate on finding small slip-ups is a must. Excellent grammar and spelling skills. Proofreaders need to dot every "i" and cross every "t." Good proofreadersshould correctspelling, punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. They should put foreign words in italics and surround quotations with quotation marks. They should check that you used the correct college's name, and that you adhered to anyformatting requirements (name and date at the top of the page, uniform font and size, uniform spacing). Limited interference. A proofreader needs to make surethat you followed any word limits. But if cuts need to be made to shorten the essay, that’s your job andnot the proofreader's. Proofreaders are like entomologists, hunting for tiny specks amidst a vast landscape. What Kind of Proofreading Should You Avoid? A bad proofreader either tries to turn into an editor, or just lacks the skills and knowledge necessary to do the job. Some signs that you're working with a bad proofreader are: If they suggest making major changes to the final draft of your essay. Proofreading happens when editing is already finished. If they aren't particularly good at spelling, or don't know grammar, or aren't detail-oriented enough to find someone else's small mistakes. If they start swapping out your words for fancier-sounding synonyms, or changing the voice and sound of your essay in other ways. A proofreader is there to check for errors, not to take the 17-year-old out of your writing. Does your proofreader's desk look like this? Maybe not the right person for the job... What Do Colleges Think of Your Getting Help With Your Essay? Admissions officers agree: light editing and proofreading aregood – even required! But they also want to make sure you’re the one doing the work on your essay. They want essays with stories, voice, and themes that come from you. They want to see workthat reflects your actual writing ability, and that focuses on what you find important. On the Importance of Editing Get feedback. Have a fresh pair of eyes give you some feedback. Don’t allow someone else to rewrite your essay, but do take advantage of others’ edits and opinions when they seem helpful. (Bates College) Read your essay aloud to someone. Reading the essay out loud offers a chance to hear how your essay sounds outside your head. This exercise reveals flaws in the essay’s flow, highlights grammatical errors and helps you ensure that you are communicating the exact message you intended. (Dickinson College) On the Value of Proofreading Share your essays with at least one or two people who know you well – such as a parent, teacher, counselor, or friend – and ask for feedback. Remember that you ultimately have control over your essays, and your essays should retain your own voice, but others may be able to catch mistakes that you missed and help suggest areas to cut if you are over the word limit. (Yale University) Proofread and then ask someone else to proofread for you. Although we want substance, we also want to be able to see that you can write a paper for our professors and avoid careless mistakes that would drive them crazy. (Oberlin College) On Watching Out for Too Much Outside Influence Limit the number of people who review your essay. Too much input usually means your voice is lost in the writing style. (Carleton College) Ask for input (but not too much). Your parents, friends, guidance counselors, coaches, and teachers are great people to bounce ideas off of for your essay. They know how unique and spectacular you are, and they can help you decide how to articulate it. Keep in mind, however, that a 45-year-old lawyer writes quite differently from an 18-year-old student, so if your dad ends up writing the bulk of your essay, we’re probably going to notice. (Vanderbilt University) So, basically, a big old thumbs up on the whole "get someone to look at your essay" situation, as far as colleges are concerned. Who Can/Should Help You? Now let's talk about some potential people to approach for your college essay editing and proofreading needs. It's best to start close to home and slowly expand outward. Not only are your family and friends more invested in your success than strangers, but they also have a better handle on your interests and personality. This knowledge is key for judging whether your essay is expressing your true self. Parents or Close Relatives Your family may be full ofpotentially excellent editors!Parents are deeply committed to your well-being, and family members know you and your life well enough to offer details or incidents that can be included in your essay. On the other hand, the rewriting process necessarily involves criticism, which is sometimes hard to hear from someone very close to you. A parent or close family memberis a great choice for an editor if you can answer "yes" to the followingquestions.Is your parent or close relative a good writer or reader?Do you have a relationship where editing your essay won’t create conflict?Are you able to constructively listen to criticism and suggestion from the parent? One suggestion for defusingface-to-face discussions is to try working on the essay over email. Send your parenta draft, have themwrite you back some comments, and then you can pick which of their suggestionsyou want to use and which to discard. Teachers or Tutors A humanities teacher thatyou have a good relationship with isa great choice.I am purposefully saying humanities, and not just English, because teachers of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, and any other classes where you do a lot of writing, areall used to reviewing student work. Moreover,any teacher or tutor that has been working with you for some time, knows you very well and can vet the essay to make sure itâ€Å"sounds like you.† If your teacher or tutor has some experience withwhat college essays are supposed to be like, ask them to be your editor. If not, then ask whether they have time to proofread your final draft. Guidance or College Counselor at Your School The best thing about asking your counselor to edit your workis that this is their job. This means that they have a very good sense of what colleges are looking for in an application essay. At the same time, school counselorstend to have relationships with admissions officers in many colleges, which again gives them insight into what worksand which college is focused on what aspect of the application. Unfortunately, in many schools the guidance counselortends to be way overextended. If your ratio is 300 students to 1college counselor, you’re unlikely to get that person’s undivided attention and focus. It isstill useful to ask them for general advice about your potential topics, but don't expect them to be able to stay with your essay from first draft to final version. Friends, Siblings, or Classmates Although they most likely don't have much experience with what colleges are hoping to see, your peers are excellent sources for checking that your essay is you. Friends and siblings are perfect for the read-aloud edit. Read your essay to them so they can listen for words and phrases that are stilted, pompous, or phrases that just don’t sound like you. You can even trade essays and give helpful advice on each other's work. "I loved that part when you wrote Baa-aaa-baaa. But I feel like you should add some more details to that Baaa-baa-aaa section." "Oh, thanks, man. You're the baaa-est." Advice for Editors If your editor hasn't worked with college admissions essays very much, no worries! Any astute and attentive reader can still greatly help with your process. But, as in all things, beginners do better with some preparation. First, your editor should read our advice about how towrite a college essay introduction, how to spot and fix a bad college essay, and get a sense of what other students have written by going through some admissions essays that worked. Then, as they read your essay, they can work through the following series of questions that will helpthem to guide you. Introduction Questions Is the first sentence a killer opening line? Why or why not? Does the introduction hook the reader? Does it have a colorful, detailed, and interesting narrative? Or does it propose a compelling or surprising idea? Can you feel the author's voice in the introduction, or is the tone dry, dull, or overly formal? Show the places where the voice comes through. Essay Body Questions Does the essay have a through-line? Is it built around a central argument, thought, idea, or focus? Can you put this idea into your own words? How is the essay organized? By logical progression? Chronologically? Do you feel order when you read it, or are there moments where you are confused or lose the thread of the essay? Does the essay have both narratives about the author's life and explanations and insight into what these stories reveal about the author's character, personality, goals, or dreams? If not, which is missing? Does the essay flow? Are there smooth transitions/clever links between paragraphs?Between the narrative and moments of insight? Reader Response Questions Does the writer’s personality come through? Do we know what the speaker cares about? Do we get a sense of â€Å"who he or she is†? Where did you feel most connected to the essay? Which parts of the essay gave you a "you are there" sensation by invoking your senses? What moments could you picture in your head well? Where are the details and examples vague and not specific enough? Did you get an "a-ha!" feeling anywhere in the essay? Is there a moment of insight that connected all the dots for you? Is there a good reveal or "twist" anywhere in the essay? What are the strengths of this essay? What needs the most improvement? Editing is just like fixing a guitar. Except, you know, without a screwdriver. And you don't need to know anything about guitars. Should You Pay Money for Essay Editing? One alternative to asking someone you know to help you with your college essay is the paid editor route. There are two different ways to pay for essay help: a private essay coach or a less personal editing service, like the many proliferating on the internet. My advice is to think of these options as a last resort rather than your go-to first choice. I'll first go through the reasons why. Then, if you do decide to go with a paid editor, I'll help you decide between a coach and a service. When to Consider a Paid Editor In general, I think hiring someone to work on your essay makes a lot of sense if none of the people I discussed above are a possibility for you. If you can't ask your parents. For example, ifyour parents aren’t good writers, or if English isn’t their first language. Or ifyou think getting your parents to help is going create unnecessary extra conflict in your relationship with them (applying to college is stressful as it is!) If you can't ask your teacher or tutor. Maybeyou don’t have a trusted teacher or tutor that has time to look over your essay with focus. Or, for instance,your favorite humanities teacher has very limited experience with college essays and so won’t know what admissions officers want to see. If you can't ask your guidance counselor. This could be because your guidance counselor is way overwhelmed with other students. If you can't share your essay with those who know you. It might be thatyour essay is on a very personal topic that you’re unwilling to share with parents, teachers, or peers. Just make sure it doesn’t fall into one of the bad-idea topics in our article on bad college essays. If the cost isn't a consideration. Many of these services are quite expensive, and private coaches even more so.If you have finite resources, I’d say that hiring an SAT or ACT tutor (whether it’sPrepScholaror someone else) is better way to spend your money. This is because there's no guarantee that a slightly better essay will sufficiently elevate the rest of your application, but a significantly higher SAT score will definitely raise your applicant profile much more. Should You Hire an Essay Coach? On the plus side, essay coaches have read dozens or even hundreds of college essays, so they haveexperience with the format. Also, because you'll be working closely with a specific person, it’s more personal than sending your essay to a service, which will know even less about you. But, on the minus side,you’ll still be bouncing ideas off of someone who doesn’t know that much about you. In general, if you can adequately get the help from someone you know, there is no advantageto paying someone to help you. If you do decide to hire a coach, ask your school counselor, or older students that have used the service for recommendations. If you can’t afford the coach’s fees, ask whether they can work on a sliding scale - many do. And finally, beware those who guarantee admission to your school of choice – essay coachesdon't have any special magic that can back up those promises. Should You Send Your Essay to a Service? On the plus side, essay editingservices provide a similar product to essay coaches, and they cost significantly less. If you have some assurance that you'll be working with a good editor, the lack of face-to-face interaction won't prevent great results. On the minus side, however, it can be difficult to gauge the quality of the service before working with them. If they are churning through many application essays without getting to know the students they are helping, you could end up with an over-edited essay that sounds just like everyone else's.In the worst case scenario, an unscrupulous service could send you back a plagiarized essay. Getting recommendations from friends or a school counselor for reputable services is key to avoiding heavy-handed editingthat writes essays for you or does too much to change your essay. Including a badly-edited essay like this in your application could cause problems if there are inconsistencies. For example, in interviews it might be clear you didn’t write the essay, or the skill of the essay mightnot be reflected in your schoolwork and test scores. Should You Buy an Essay Written by Someone Else? NO! Let me elaborate. There are super sketchy places on the internet where you can simply buy a pre-written essay. Don’t do this! For one thing, you’ll be lying on an official, signed document. All college applications make you sign a statement saying something like this: I certify that all information submitted in the admission process- including the application, the personal essay, any supplements, and any other supporting materials- is my own work, factually true, and honestly presented... I understand that I may be subject to a range of possible disciplinary actions, including admission revocation, expulsion, or revocation of course credit, grades, and degree, should the information I have certified be false. (From the Common Application) For another thing, if your academic record doesn’t match the essay’s quality, the admissions officer will start thinking your whole application is riddled with lies. Admission officers have full access to yourwriting portion of the SAT or ACT so that they can compare work that was done in proctored conditions with that done at home. They can tell if these were written by different people. Not only that, butthere are now a number of search engines that faculty and admission officers can use to see if an essay contains strings of words that have appeared in other essays – you have no guarantee that the essay you bought wasn’t also bought by 50 other students. Don't be the guy trying to pass this off as your own original work. The Bottom Line You should get college essay help with both editing and proofreading A good editor will ask questions about your idea, logic, and structure, and will point out places where clarity is needed A good editor will absolutely not answer these questions, give you their own ideas, or write the essay or parts of the essay for you A good proofreader will find typos and check your formatting Colleges very much want to see your authentic self (your ideas, your insights, your writing ability, and style) on the page All of them agreethat getting light editing and proofreading isnecessary Look for admissions essay help from: Parents, teachers, guidance or college counselor, and peers or siblings If you can't ask any of those, you can payfor college essay help, but watch out for services or coaches whoover-edit you work Don’t buy a pre-written essay! Colleges can tell, and it’ll make your whole application sound false. What’s Next? Ready to start working on your essay? Check out our explanation of the point of the personal essay and the role it plays on your applications and then exploreour step-by-step guide to writing a great college essay. Using the Common Application for your college applications? We have an excellent guide to the Common App essay prompts and useful advice on how to pick the Common App prompt that’s right for you. Wondering how other people tackled these prompts? Then work throughour roundup of over 130 real college essay examples published by colleges. Stressed about whether to take the SAT again before submitting your application? Let us help you decide how many times to take this test. If you choose to go for it, we have the ultimate guide to studying for the SAT to give you the ins and outs of the best ways to study. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: