Gestalt and Holistic Treatment (Principle of Totality)

Gestalt and Holistic Treatment (Principle of Totality) 1. What Is Holistic Psychology? Holism talks about any way that stresses the entire psychic thinking reasonably than their fundamental elements. Conversely knows as ‘the entire is larger than the sum of its parts’. A holistic method consequently recommends that there are diverse stages of explanation and that at every stage there exist â€Å"emergent characteristics† that cannot be condensed. (McLeod, 2008) 2. Holistic psychology:  A New Science Holistic psychology constructs on anything that has gone before. Alike Gestalt psychology, it claims the honor in full. Along with Psych combination and transpersonal psychology, it openly talks about the inspirational and the mystical elements. It knocks varied causes to accept, acclimate, and elaborate methods, including them into its practice of individual alteration, adaptation, and therapeutic. Although it’s not new yet is innovative and different in every part, as holistic psychology offers in full a new start. It strips away covered ideas from the preceding that are incorrect and restraining, and plugs in fundamentally new guidelines. Thus it’s a practice for discovering and converting perception which leads us to a new empire within. (Bà ¶dy, 2009) 3. General talk on Holistic Psychology Approaches Dr Lisa MatthewmanC Psychol AFBPsS . Registered Professional Psychologist, (AFBPsS, 2009) discovers the use of holistic psychology with distinct clients and analyzes the modern holistic methods to structural happiness. ‘Holistic’ or ‘integrative’ thinking is the education and repetition of how to return to our usual entirety. It is a combined method that talks on psychological wellness via linking and endorsing the fitness of the physique and soul, while incorporating customary psychological treatments. It highlights the interdependence of physical, psychic and mental dynamics. Studying ‘completeness and well. being’ from a organizations viewpoint it syndicates advanced psychological knowledge with customary healing insights and paradigms from harmonizing therapy (AFBPsS, 2009) 4. History of Gestalt psychology Gestalt theory originated nearly in 19th century in Austria and south Germany as a protest in contradiction of structural universities fractional study of understanding intoatomisticessentials. Max Wertheimer,Wolfgang Kohlerand Kurt Koffka worked together to found Gestalt. Gestalt psychologyof the Berlin School is a philosophy of observance and intelligence speculating that the functioning norm of the mind is holistic, corresponding, and equivalent, with self. organizing propensities. (Liquori, 2011). While numerous modern psychologists reserve that even these propensities are the result of information and education, all approve that they are robust and almost universal tendencies. (John M. Darley, (1991).) 5. Principle of Totality The philosophy of Gestalt psychology is grounded on the principle of totality: The principle of totality which is a straightforward theoretic belief of gestalt theory, affirming that mindful knowledge should be watched holistically, as an entirety of the active communications of constituents of the brain. (Concepts, 2015) ThePrinciple of Totality—the conscious experience must be measured internationally by captivating into interpretation all the bodily and psychological characteristics of the individual at the same time because the environment of the mind stresses that all constituents be measured as portion of an arrangement of dynamic relationships. The norm supports that the human eye perceives matters in their whole before observing their separate parts†¦ that the whole is diverse than the sum of its parts. These are our â€Å"psychological shortcuts† for obtaining and upholding steady percepts in our loud world. We want these shortcuts to curtail policymaking time and permit us to function without continually stopping to contemplate about the subsequent course of action. (Tyne, 2013) 6. Perception of Apparent Motion – Causes of Wertheimers Innovation that launched the Gestalt Revolution Max Wertheimer (1880. 1943), the creator of the Gestalt School of Psychology, printed a critique mono. graph on the perception of apparent motion in 1912, which started a new way for a great contract of succeeding perceptual viewpoint and examination. Wertheimers examination was stimulated by an unexpected scrutiny of a pure ostensible effort, which he called the phi. phenomenon to differentiate it from best apparent movement (beta), which looks a lot like real movement. Wertheimer named his original comments pure since it was professed in the absence of any thing being understood to modify its spot in universe. The phi. phenomenon, as well as the finest circumstances for seeing it, were not defined evidently in this monograph, foremost substantial following confusion aroused about its appearance and incidence. We appraise the antiquity leading to the detection of the phi. phenomenon, and then define: (i) A probable basis for the misperception obvious in most modern investigation on the phi. phenomenon; (ii) The finest circumstances for perceiving the phi. phenomenon; (iii) new circumstances that provide a mainly bright phi. phenomenon; and (iv) two outlines of thought that may deliver clarifications of the phi. phenomenon and also differentiate phi from beta. (Steinman RM1, 2015) 7. Gestalt principles of form perception their application in Modern Era Gestalt psychology tries to comprehend mental phenomena by inspecting them as prearranged and designed rather than the amount of their essential parts. Thus, Gestalt psychology distances itself from the extra decomposition. al methods to thinking like structuralism with its inclination to examine psychological actions into basic feelings and it highlights on ideas like developing properties, holism, and context. (Soegaard., 2014) Nowadays, businesses have understood these principles and deeply encompassed them into their advertising. Gestalt values keep the symbols stimulating and are inclined to catch people’s attention. Here I will discover many of the values and find real life instances of advertising applications that apply to each gestalt principles. Figure and Ground: Individuals often rift pictorial info into character and ground. Figure is what views out, while ground is the background. This influence is utilized in one of the Macintosh logos. As you perceive below, the sign can be observed as an even happy expression and as a joyful face in profile observing at a processor screen. Proximity: When individual see incomes that are near enough together, they repeatedly notice the resources as a group. In 2002 the MTV European Music Prizes used an advertisement that documented the law of proximity. We notice the 2 symbols in the greater left as a group and the symbols of the supporters in the lowest right as a collection. The white space and the proximity of the symbols specify that the symbols are destined to be groups, without MTV demanding to recognize it. Closure: Individuals tend to complete things that are actually unfinished by filling in gaps. The IBM symbol is categorically only blue lines of various length, but we identify the letters I, B, and M. Similarity: Individuals are often inclined to cluster alike items together. The business Lega. Lega used this belief in their website design. They used the orange shade for all the signs at the upper right of the webpage so that individuals assemble the images together. Symmetry: When we notice things we have a tendency to to notice them as symmetrical shapes that form around their center. When we see two separated items that are symmetrical, we automatically see them as one item. Since the Us are proportioned to one another, we mechanically group each U with the one it is following to, leaving us with four objects rather than eight. (larwa002, 2011) 8. Contribution of the Field to Contemporary World: Some of the most notable contributions of Gestalt psychology to the understanding of humanperceptionand cognition include: The motion picture and animation industries (which began with studies on apparent motion); The three Gestalt organizing principles (i.e., figure. ground, grouping byproximity and similarity, and good continuation), which determine how our perceptions are organized; Koffkaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s distinction between physical reality (the geographical environment; the world asit is) and perceived reality (behavioral environment; the world as we perceive it) Kà ¶hlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s isomorphism, the idea that perceptual experience (phenomenal reality) and the underlying physical reality (the physiological eventsof the nervous system) are functionally equivalent (â€Å"brain activity is isomorphic tophenomenological experience†); Kà ¶hlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s research on insight,(a sudden problem solution that occurs when an individual reorganizes the elements of a problem situation into a new configuration), which introduced a new way of thinking into the debate about learning and problem. solving and extended animal methodology beyond puzzle boxes and mazes; Wertheimer’s productivethinking, which wentbeyond therote learning and rule memorization used by thecontemporary educational system, in stating that productive thinking was a â€Å"true understanding† (of a problem) derived from a complete restructuring of the problem inorder to gain insight into itssolution; 9. Conclusion Though Gestalt thinking failed to develop as a main power in American mainstream thinkingit imparted as a robust customof accepting intricacy through examination into American psychology (Goodwin, 2008).It has had a deep influence on the method we comprehend socialperception and reasoning today.Not merely did it effect Pavlov’s trained response investigation and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the impact of Gestalt psychology can be seen through contemporary psychology in related psychological philosophies (i.e., Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky),in contemporary communal psychology, in inspiration and goal. directedperformance, in trainingson prejudgment and its decrease, in. group devotion, andthe efficiencyof groupprocedures (Lewis); in trainings onprevention and its denigrating effect on behavior (regression), in modern developmental psychology, and in modern cognitive psychology, which investigates such topics as the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ of information in memory (Goo dwin, 2008).According to Ralph White(as cited in Goodwin, 2008), it â€Å"is very much alive† in the â€Å"form of paying continual attention to the patterns of motivation and cognition that directly determine behavior, in the form of a selective but fairly 10. References AFBPsS, D. L. (2009). Registered Occupational Psychologist and International Society for Coaching Psychology. Bà ¶dy, D. G. (2009). http://holisticrenewal.com/holistic. psychology/what. is. holistic. psychology.html. Retrieved from http://holisticrenewal.com/holistic. psychology/what. is. holistic. psychology.html Concepts, P. (2015). Psychology Concepts. Retrieved from http://www.psychologyconcepts.com/principle. of. totality/ John M. Darley, S. G. ((1991).). Psychology,. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Fifth Edition, Prentice. Hall. larwa002. (2011, october 9). Effective Use of Gestalt Principles. Retrieved from http://blog.lib.umn.edu/: http://blog.lib.umn.edu/clar0841/psychblog/2011/10/effective. use. of. gestalt. principles.html Liquori, E. (2011). The Close Relationship Between Gestalt Principles and Design. Retrieved from http://www.instantshift.com/: http://www.instantshift.com/2011/09/19/the. close. relationship. between. gestalt. principles. and. design/ McLeod, S. (2008). Reductionism and Holism. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/reductionism. holism.html Soegaard., M. (2014). Gestalt principles of form perception. Retrieved from https://www.interaction. design.org: https://www.interaction. design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.html Steinman RM1, P. Z. (2015). Phi is not beta, and why Wertheimers discovery launched the Gestalt revolution. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10927113. Tyne, S. V. (2013, September 8). The Whole is Other Than the Sum of the Parts: Principles of Gestalt Perception. Retrieved from http://seanvantyne.com/: http://seanvantyne.com/wordpress/2013/09/08/the. whole. is. other. than. the. sum. of. the. parts. principles. of. gestalt. perception/comment. page. 1/ Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A history of modern psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ/ Wiley Sons.

television vs. Reality Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is 8:30 Monday night and the whole family is in the living room watching the Fox network’s primetime hit â€Å"Ally McBeal†. Suddenly, just after the program resumes after a painstakingly long commercial break, you see a man and a woman lying in bed talking to each other after having a night of hot, passionate sex. You look down and see your ten year old son or daughter lying on the floor just staring at the TV, taking it all in. You begin channel surfing, and end up on channel 3, CBS. There is a brand new sitcom being aired called â€Å"Some of My Best Friends†. Almost immediately after you and your family begin viewing this program, two men, both proclaiming to be gay, begin kissing and embracing each other. Upset by all of this â€Å"garbage†, you turn off the TV and decide to try and find something a little more â€Å"educational† to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sex. It seems to be everywhere on television today. From sitcoms to reality shows to dramas to soap operas, sex is one of the leading factors in most television programs. A recent study showed that 3 out of 4 primetime programs portray sex in relationships and 68% of all television programs contain sexual content (Cutler, Jacqueline, TVData Features Syndicate March 24,2001). There are exceptions to this, however, with networks occasionally focusing on education and children’s programming, but the mainstream of primetime television programs tends to focus on sex. But how accurate is television’s portrayal of sex in the real world? Does everything turn out like it does on shows such as â€Å"Sex in the City† or â€Å"Temptation Island†? Or are these sexual messages just an obvious ploy to help boost ratings? Recently I have watched several shows I thought would help answer these questions. The programs I have researched are â€Å"Friends †, one of NBC’s highest rated shows, â€Å"Everybody Loves Raymond†, a family sitcom on CBS, and â€Å"Days of Our Lives†, one of NBC’s daytime soap operas. In viewing these shows I hope to compare the key message behind sex and relationships in these programs to real life. I will also compare relationships between love and sex, anger and love, friendship and romantic love, and alternatives to heterosexual relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first television program I researched is the critically acclaimed NBC sitcom, â€Å"Friends†. Upon viewing this show, I fo... ...n an interracial relationship or marriage. This sends the message that people of a certain race or culture should marry someone that is like them. There have been rumors, however, of a new character on â€Å"Friends† that is going to be African-American. If this character does appear, then maybe it will encourage more programs to end endogamy and introduce characters of different race and cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The average teen views nearly 15,000 sexual references, innuendoes, and jokes on television every year, according to â€Å"Electronic Babysitter Overexposes Youth to Sex†, a CNN report by Holly Firfer. If these messages are inaccurate, what kind of messages are teens receiving? In the same article, Firfer gave reasons for sex on television. First, Americans seem to eat it up with a spoon. Second, Hollywood has a lack of real writing talent, so why bother with an â€Å"intelligent† story? This seems to be very true, since every year there are more television shows being produced that primarily focus on sex. When will this sexual addiction cease? There is much more in this world than sex, and television should try to portray real life situations as accurately as possible.

Fictional Newspaper Article about Medevial Tournaments -- essays resea

The Medieval Joust This morning I witnessed a tournament held in town. As I was watching I realized that I wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t exactly certain about all the rules. This is why I decided to write this article about the history, rules, and guidelines of this riveting sport. The words "tournament" and "joust" are frequently used interchangeably. Strictly speaking "joust" describes single combat between two horsemen. "Tournament" refers to mounted combat between parties of knights, but also is used to refer to the whole proceeding. The first written tournament guidelines are credited to a Frenchman named Geoffroi de Purelli in 1066. I would have interviewed this man but he was unfortunately killed, ironically in one of these very tournaments for which he made rules. Jousting is a way of gaining respect. It is what is done when there is no war to fight. Jousting is essentially a way of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“playingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? war. Tournaments were, at first, merely battles arranged on some pretext at an appropriate appointment between parties of knights. From these bloody conflicts there developed the tourn... Fictional Newspaper Article about Medevial Tournaments -- essays resea The Medieval Joust This morning I witnessed a tournament held in town. As I was watching I realized that I wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t exactly certain about all the rules. This is why I decided to write this article about the history, rules, and guidelines of this riveting sport. The words "tournament" and "joust" are frequently used interchangeably. Strictly speaking "joust" describes single combat between two horsemen. "Tournament" refers to mounted combat between parties of knights, but also is used to refer to the whole proceeding. The first written tournament guidelines are credited to a Frenchman named Geoffroi de Purelli in 1066. I would have interviewed this man but he was unfortunately killed, ironically in one of these very tournaments for which he made rules. Jousting is a way of gaining respect. It is what is done when there is no war to fight. Jousting is essentially a way of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“playingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? war. Tournaments were, at first, merely battles arranged on some pretext at an appropriate appointment between parties of knights. From these bloody conflicts there developed the tourn...

The Securities And Exchange Commission :: essays research papers

The Securities and Exchange Commission In 1934 the Securities Exchange Act created the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) in response to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression of the 1930s. It was created to protect U.S. investors against malpractice in securities and financial markets. The purpose of the SEC was and still is to carry out the mandates of the Securities Act of 1933: To protect investors and maintain the integrity of the securities market by amending the current laws, creating new laws and seeing to it that those laws are enforced. During the 1920s, approximately 20 million Americans took advantage of post-war prosperity by purchasing shares of stock in various securities exchanges. When the stock market crashed in 1929, the fortunes of many investors were lost. In addition, banks lost great sums of money in the Crash because they had invested heavily in the markets. When people feared their banks might not be able to pay back the money that depositors had in their accounts, a â€Å"run† on the banking system caused many bank failures. After the crash, public confidence in the market and the economy fell sharply. In response, Congress held hearings to identify the problems and look for solutions; the answer was found in the new SEC. The Commission was established in 1934 to enforce new securities laws that were passed with the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The two new laws stated that â€Å"Companies publicly offering securities must tell the public the truth about thei r businesses, the securities they are selling and the risks involved in the investing.† Secondly, â€Å"People who sell and trade securities must treat investors fairly and honestly, putting investors’ interests first.†2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Franklin Delano Roosevelt defeated Herbert Hoover in a landslide in the 1932 election and began to work on his â€Å"New Deal†. In the New Deal four key regulatory bodies were established: The National Labor Relations Board, Civil Aeronautics Authority, Federal Communications Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Wall Street was not enamored with the coming regulation, but Congress was confident that the Street was seen as an easy target for the Crash and the Depression that followed. In response, the SEC was created by Congress on June 6, 1934 for the purpose of protecting the public and the individual investors against malpractice in the financial markets. Commenting on the creation of the SEC, Texas Congressman and future Speaker Sam Rayburn admitted3 â€Å"he didn’t know whether the legislation passed so readily because it was so good or so incomprehensible.

Shc34 – 2.1, 2.2 & 2.3

SHC34 – 2. 1, 2. 2 & 2. 3 Potential dilemma 1 – If a child in the setting is using their own language, religion and customs due to wishes of parents/family. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the practitioners at the setting my not be able to understand the child, this means they will struggle to teach the child and help them develop. If the parent does not want the child to learn English it may be a problem, most of the school/setting will be speaking English.The parent may feel they are not focussing enough on this certain child's religion and also, since the child is using their own customs they may find some of ours offensive. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to educate the child and help them develop. The child has a right to use their own language, religion and customs of family or group, this means the practitioner could not stop the child from getting an education becaus e of their language, religion and customs, they have a right to this.Also, linking to this, the child has a right to an education, meaning you would have to provide this to the child under any circumstances. How would I deal with this situation? First of all, I would try to compromise with the parent, that the child could possibly speak English in the setting and speak their own language at home. Explain to the parent this may affect their holistic development and exactly what it will affect and how. This may be too big of a compromise, so if not I would look into getting a translator into the setting to help the child develop and learn.What could be the risks for the child? The risk here for the child is that they may not develop fully. This would be their holistic development as they will not be able to understand the practitioner when they are explaining activities and work. They will not be socialising and they may get frustrated and feel alone in the setting. Potential Dilemma 2 – If a member of the family turns up to pick a child up, one that is not supposed to due to wishes of parents/family. I will use mother as an example in this dilemma, if a mother is not allowed contact with the child. Why is this a dilemma?There is a risk of upsetting the child if they see the mother which really shouldn't happen as they should not be let in, although sometimes there could be a situation where the mother is forceful. The family member who has asked for the mother not to see the child could be upset by this, as it was against their wishes for the mother to try to contact them. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – A practitioner would have a duty of care to protect the child, keep them safe and there had to be a reason for them not being allowed contact, they should also respect the parents/family's wishes.According to the UNCRC the child has a right for their family to be together, this means the child would normally ha ve a right to see a member of their family, but in this situation it is best not to go against the familys wishes despite that right. How would I deal with this situation? I would deal with this situation by letting the mother know that she is not permitted to enter the setting. I would explain there was no possible way she could take the child as there are certain people who are allowed to pick every child up and she is not down as one.I would ask the mother to leave the setting and if it did turn into a forceful situation I would call another member of staff to help escort this person out. If we could not get the parent to leave we would have to involve the authorities. What could be the risks for the child? The risks for this child could be a variety of different things. Without knowing the mothers background we couldn't say any specific risk as the mother could be dangerous or it could be other reasons.If the child see's this person they may get confused, they may not even recog nise them but if they do it may confuse them as they are not permanent in their life. Potential dilemma 3 – If you think a child in the setting may have a special educational need but the parent does not want them referred to find out as they do not believe the child has a special educational need. Why is this a dilemma? This is a dilemma as the child may not be able to develop properly if it is not clear if they do need extra support.They will also be sure how much support and what kind of support they need by finding out what special educational need they have. The difficulty between my duty of care and the rights of the child – As a practitioner I have a duty of care to make sure the child is developing as they should, I should be making sure the child is reaching their full potential. I would also have to respect the parents wishes. Every child with special needs should have special care and support, if the parent rejects this idea it will be very difficult to get support. How would I deal with this situation?I would try to explain to the parent how it would benefit the child to even talk to someone about their special educational need. I would explain as best I could that this was important for the child but I could also arrange something with the SENCO so they had all the information they needed to make the desicion. What could be the risks for the child? The risks in this dilemma for the child would be that they may not be developing hollistically, they would need extra support that they are not getting. This could affect the child later in life too as they may struggle in their education as they get older.It is always best to identify a special educational need at the earliest possible point as this benefits the child, they may start lacking in all area's of development the later it is left. Where to get support and advice – For certain situations it means different people to contact for support. SENCO, your manager, child protecti on officer, social services etc. These are a few people you could go to when conflicts or dilemma's arise as they may be able to support or advise you. They may be able to work beside you to get the best outome for the child and support/advise you throughout it. Danielle Le Vesconte 30105251 1578571749

Education Is the Movement from Darkness to Light Essay

Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, research, or simply through autodidacticism. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Why do we have to go to school? Well because it is the best option for your future. What would you prefer, without much education you will end up working 50 hour weeks while the other person who has a better education is making more money in half the time, Because those clothes and bills aren’t going to pay themselves and because the new clothes and the new life isn’t going to be greeting you with money. Once married or left alone outside your mothers house, you are all on your own, and if you plan on living somewhere cozy, then I suggest getting a job to pay all those bills which you will be receiving for you and your life. Education is the key role in life and it is what makes a person who he is. Education is what shows the people surrounding you, your occupation that can then slowly lead to your likes and dislikes. The better options the Man or Woman has, the more chances you have on finding the right person in your life. Education is the seed of life, without it, you are unable to take life to its max, to go further than beyond, to live life to the fullest. It is what makes a person think how he thinks. It is what makes a person who he is. It makes his life. It also shows the people who he is, which result in their friendly or cruel gesture to them. With a diploma or a degree in something makes your job a lot more fun and a lot easier to do because you would be enjoying what you do, otherwise you wouldn’t have went that far in that field. The battle for jobs in between diploma’s versus less educated would be a match everyone knew who would win before it even started. Education has some special abilities, of which are, better salary than the common person, healthier or happier life. Education is the most important thing when it comes to job hunting. Education makes a man who he is and what he does. It chooses his faith and when he is on the right path, he leaves him on his own, to make his own decisions with his new life with Education. It shows the surrounding people who you are, what you like and what you don’t. Education has to be used the right way and what I mean by that is to use it to help others. Only education can help you in the future, so why abuse it, and take it if you can!

Hydrofracking Global Issue

Hydro fracking's global impact Benefits Immediate solution to the energy crisis in the future Fracking is a solution to an affordable energy supply to the world                UK's future energy crisis due to low gas storage and rely heavy on import. Exploring the hidden potential for natural gas around the world                Many countries such as China, Australia, France, etc. have vast shale formation and potential for hydro-fracking natural gas. China has estimate 1,275 trillion cubic feet of technically recoverable gas compared to 862 trillion cubic feet in USLower energy costs for other countries around the world                               High cost from buying shipping energy from other countries                High costs to build nuclear plans for energy Global environment will benefit from hydro-fracking Solution to deal with global warning               Ã‚                  Carbon dioxin emission decr ease as the US's emission decrease 7. 7% since 2006               Ã‚  Importing energy through pipeline cause environmental damage due to methane leakage during transit Less toxic compared to nuclear plansJapan's nuclear shut down after tsunami disaster due to the toxic effect to the environment and people around the areas Benefit the countries's economies as wellas the world's economy                Partnership between China and the U,S create more jobs and stimulate the economy in both countries Drawbacks Global environmental's negative change Shale gas extraction cause earth tremors: possible earthquake but not strong and serious and only around the extraction area. Long-term risk for the underground water resources that might cause public ealth risks Political issue Many countries has not tapped the natural energy resource due to technical hurdle and political issue due to the danger that hydro fracking can cause to the people live near the s          à ‚                    France has strong public opposition to hydro-fracking                              Bulgaria ban it Poland welcome it but was charge with bribery during the awarding lease processing   and taint the plans                              Pending environmental review in South AfricaHigh costs for different countries In some European countries such as Poland, the costs to drill is three times more expensive compared to Texas, US. Need of Advance technologies to reduce drilling and extracting costs Geologies's differences issue China's shale formation are deeper underground, thus private property rights has hindered the development. The country's biggest shale gas prize lay in the province that water is hard to come by.